128 



rthe species of trypaiiosome foimd in a large number of animals, 

 ^nd describes tbe symptoms of the disease in horses, donkeys and 

 cattle. 



He summarises the general results of his observations as to 

 the distribution of the various species of trypanosomes as 

 follows : — 



1. Trypanosomes presenting the morphological characters of 

 T. hrucei, T. vivax, T. nanum or pecorinn, and T. theileri have 

 been found in Northern Nigeria in the blood of domestic animals; 

 T. hrucei in the horse, donkey, Fulani cattle, dwarf cattle and 

 sheep; T. vivax in the horse, donkey, Fulani cattle, sheep, goat 

 and dog; T. theileri in the dwarf cattle. 



2. T. vivax is the most common form, at any rate in the south- 

 western portions of the Protectorate, being present in 55 out of 

 84 cases collected in Ilorin province, the Niger province and at 

 Lokoja. 



3. Of 20 Fulani cattle trekking down towards the coast from 

 the provinces of the north, and found to be suffering from try- 

 3)anosomiasis, 18 harboured T. vivax. 



4. In horses T. vivax produces a much less serious disease than 

 T. hrucei. Of 15 cases infected with T. vivax, of which the 

 records are complete, 14 recovered. Of 11 cases infected with 

 T. hrucei none recovered. 



5. The dwarf breed of cattle found in certain tsetse-haunted 

 districts of Northern Nigeria, and credited with a natural 

 immunity to trypanosomiasis, while apparently recovering from 

 infectious with T. vivax, succumb to T. hrucei. 



CiiErsToniEKS OL^}0Y 8. R .). Contributions to the Study of Colour- 

 Marking- and other Variable Characters of Anophelinae with 

 Special Reference to the Systematic and Phylogenetic Grouping 

 of Species. — Ann. Trap. Med. 4" Farasifologxi, vii. no. 1, 

 31st March 1913, pp. 45-100, 4 plates. 



All interesting discussion, accompanied by a useful tabular 

 summarv and illustrations, of the variation in colour-markings 

 in Anophelinae, variation in structure other than that connected 

 with scales, structural variation in the immature stages, varia- 

 tion as displayed by scales, and of the classification, phylogeny 

 and geographical distribution of these mosquitos. Major Chris- 

 tophers is of opinion that, with some slight re-arrangement, 

 practically all the Anopheline genera proposed by Theobald 

 should stand. He considers that colour-markings, and general 

 •characters as a whole, seem to point lo there being a group of 

 more primitive forms (Protoanopiieles), represented in the Old 

 IVorld bv Anopheles, Myzorhynchns and Patagiamyia, and m 

 the New'^World by Cycloleppteron, Arrihalzagia and Myzorhyn- 

 chella. There is also a distinct group corresponding to Dtinitz's 

 Australasian species with more than three spots on the sixth vein 

 (Neoanopheles). Their area of special prevalence is Australasia 

 :and Malava. The majority of Anophelines belong to a group 



