132 



and T. rhodesiense. The former, will develop both in Glossina 

 morsitans and G. palpalis, whilst the latter has only been shown 

 to develop in G. 77iorsitans. Could it be shown that T. rhodesiense 

 i-s incapable of development in G. jjalpalis a further strong" argu- 

 ment in favour of the distinction of the two species of human 

 trypanosome would be obtained. 



King (H. H.). Notes on the Bionomics of the Sandflies iPhle- 

 hotomus spp.) of Tokar. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. — Bull. Entom. 

 Research, iv, pt. 1, May 1913, pp. 83-84. 



The cultivated area around Tokar, which comprises 30,000 to 

 40,000 acres of cotton, is notorious throughout the Sudan for the 

 number and bloodthirstiness of its sandflies. The adults can be 

 found in numbers at least two miles away from any mud or brick 

 wall or building". They are equally numerous on clean land grow- 

 ing cotton and on land on which cotton has failed and which 

 therefore supports only a few grasses and other weeds. The 

 officials of the district, who know it well, say that the flies are 

 confined to the flooded area and are not met with in the surround- 

 ing desert. IN^atives living in the town reported to the author 

 that they were not troubled by them, but that a night spent in the 

 cultivations would prove their existence in large numbers. The 

 land on which the town is built is not flooded, being protected by 

 a low embankment of soil. The chief difference between the 

 flooded and the unflooded land is the presence of deep cracks which 

 appear in the former as soon as it begins to dry out. Newstead 

 states (Ann. Trop. Med. Paras. V., August 1911, p. 141) that 

 all the sandfly larvae and pupae taken by Marett and himself 

 in Malta were found living under similar conditions as regards 

 (a) presence of organic matter ; (b) presence of moisture, but not in 

 excess ; and (c) absence of light. The only situations where these 

 three conditions could be found together at Tokar were in the 

 soil itself, and on flooded land the cracks provided the sandfly 

 with an easy means of access, to such situations. He searched 

 for larvae and pupae in the soil at a place If miles from the 

 nearest mud or brick building or wall. Here adult sandflies exist 

 in myriads and numbers could be found, sometimes as many as 

 15, under clods of earth. Only a single larva was found at a 

 depth of about 4 inches in the vicinity of a crack, and when alive 

 closely resembled the soil in colour. 



Shiecore (Dr. T. 0.). On Two Varieties of Glossina morsitans 

 from Nyasaland. — Z/«?Z. Entom. Research, iv, pt. 1, May 

 1913, p. 89. 



The author describes two marked colour varieties of this 

 Glossina from N"yasaland, one he proposes to call pallida and the- 

 other paradoxa. 



