144 



civil lines, Kiamari and Manora, are dealt witli. By far the 

 commonest species is Culex fatigans, next in extent of distribu- 

 tion being" Stegomyia fasciata, wliicli is universally found in 

 drinking water cliatties, and never in foul and stinking cess-pits 

 like Culex. The Stegomyia bite viciously during tlie day and are 

 not scared by liglit. The brackish puddles in the marshes and 

 mangrove-swamps showed species of T aeyiiorhynchus and Ario- 

 pheles. Anopheles rossi was found in large numbers in the 

 brackish wells at Manora and in salt-water tanks. Culex concolor 

 was met with in a dozen places along with C. fatigans. Cellia 

 pulcherrima was found only once. Besides the Culicidae, the 

 sand-flies (PJtlebotornus) were found everywhere and are a great 

 pest at Manora. 



Heckexeotii (Dr.). Tournee niedicale effectuee sur le Congo et 

 L'Oubangui. [Report of a Medical Tour on the Congo and 

 Ubangi.] — A72n. Hyg. Med. Coloniales, xvi, no. 1, March 

 1913, pp. 104-144, 4 maps. 



The author says that sleeping sickness at first closely followed 

 the great waterways of the Congo and Ubangi, afterwards estab- 

 lishing itself on its tributaries according to the commercial 

 development of the country, especially on the M'Poko, Lobaye, 

 Tomi and Kotto. He gives some details as to the present and 

 past endemicity of sleeping sickness and cites cases in which a 

 comparatively large population has been more than decimated. 

 He lays great stress upon the danger of the transport of infection 

 by natives leaving villages seriously attacked, and points out that 

 the progress of Europeans along these rivers practically marks the 

 progress of the disease. In certain posts and factories the pro- 

 portion of cases was much higher than in the neighbouring 

 villages, but in various other places where the disease was rife 

 and epidemic the rcA^erse was the case, and the author offers as an 

 explanation the fact that the natives living with Europeans at 

 these posts and factories were better clothed and better fed and 

 that the clothing probably protected them to a large extent from 

 insect attack. It was also remarked that Europeans are rarely 

 attacked, even after a long stay in villages where the number 

 of cases exceeds 25 per cent, and even 50 per cent, of the popula- 

 tion. 



Glossina palpalis Avas found along the whole course of the 

 middle Congo and the Ubangi and two specimens of G. fusca 

 were taken at Mpouia. Along these two rivers the distribution of 

 the tsetse does not coincide with that of the distribution of sleep- 

 ing sickness. At Bonga, Lukolela, and Irebii flies Avei-e so 

 numerous as to make canoeing on the river a torture, but it is 

 precisely in this part that trypanosomiasis is actually the least 

 frequent. At Mobaye and Kemo where 15, 20 and 30 per cent, 

 of the population Avere sick, the occurrence of flies Avas almost 

 exceptional on the French bank, at least at the time of year when 

 the author reached the Ubangi, namely December and January; 

 only six specimens Avere taken. The natiA^es say that the fly is 



