146 



The extreme difficulty in carrying ont biisli-cleaiing on a large 

 and really useful scale is insisted upon. The men of the villages 

 in those areas where clearing is most urgent are constantly away 

 from home as porters, etc., on the trade routes, and in many 

 ■cases are themselves a source of danger to others. 



Xeumaxx (L. G.). IIu nouveau sous-genre et deux nouvelles especes 

 d'lxodides. [A new sub-genus and two new species of ticks.] 

 —BuU. Soc. Zool. France, Paris, xxxviii, no. 5, 1913, 2Tth 

 June 1913, pp. 1-lT-lol. 



The aiithor proposed to erect the new sub-genus Ftcrygodes, for 

 Rhipicephalns fulviis, sp. n., from Tunisia. From French Guiana 

 he records Amhh/omma (jocldii, from a toad; A. fjcayi, from the 

 three-toed sloth (Brathjpvs tridactylus) ; and A. hrimontii sp. n., 

 from Te.^tudo tahulafa. 



Skinner (Dr. H.;. How does the House-Fly pass the Winter? — 

 Entoui. Xews, Philadelphia, xxiv, vn). 7, -luly 191-). pp. 

 303-304. 



The author has never been convinced that in the locality of 

 Philadelphia the house-fly lives through the winter as an imago. 

 His observations tend to show that the fly passes the winter in 

 fhe pupal stage. Some house-flies caught on 13th March were all 

 fresh specimens, even teneral in character, except in colour. The 

 ptilinum was not completely retracted and it was evident that 

 they had just emerged. The colours were bright and the wings 

 were not frayed in any way, and there was no sign of dust or dirt 

 on them, lioth sexes were represented. The author's answer to 

 his question is : House-flies pass the winter in the pupal stage 

 and in no other way. 



PoRTCHiNSKY (I. A.). OCEIIllHH ;Klir.\.lKA; VAX l)T().i()riH 



iri) (:i{h;{ii Cb ,u».\rii.Mii m.v.w.mii ii lioPhUA ch iii-io 



[Stoinoxys calcitrans ; its biology in relation to that of other 

 coprophagous flies].— TPVJbl ' blOIH) IK) ;)HT().M().1()1TII 

 V'leiiaro KoMiiTCia r.Taiuiaro ynpaiueiiiji iievi.ieycTpoiicTua h 

 l{eM.ie,vI>.ii!i [^lemoirs of the Bureau of Entomology of the 

 Scientific Committee of the Central Board of Land Adminis- 

 tration and AgTiculturc], viii, no. 8, 90 p])., 1 ])!., 97 figs. 

 St. Petersburg, 1910. 



This memoir opens with a resume of the more important litera- 

 ture dealing with Stoinod'ys calcitrans during the last 40 or 50 

 years. In Eussia the existence of this fly appears to be closely 

 connected with the horse; it occurs wherever there are horses and 

 in quantities more or less proportionate to their numbers. During 

 warm winters the flies have been seen even in December and 

 January. They have been observed to feed on vegetable matter 

 under natural conditions, and in captivity will feed on syrup or the 

 liquid from decomposing vegetable matter or dung. The author 

 points out that whereas S. calcitrans sucks the blood of horses, 



