159 



Laat (J. E. Van der). Las garrapatas, grave plaga que debe 

 desaparecer. [Cattle Ticks, a serious pest which ought to 

 disappear.] — Boletin de Foinc/ito, San Jose, Coata Rica, 

 iii, no. 4, 1913, pp. 259-2G3, 2 pis. 



The author says that the practice of dipping cattle for ticks is 

 now well established on a number of large estates in Costa liica, 

 and describes the method in use. The cattle are made to pass into 

 a large concrete tank, down a gradual slope strongly fenced ou 

 both sides and with a similar exit at the other end, the bath 

 being sufficiently deep to immerse the animals entirely. The 

 liquid in the tank will last for a whole j'ear and if the sides are 

 properly constructed the waste is exceedingly small. The liquid 

 can be maintained at the proper level by the addition of water, 

 and by this arrangement as many as 400 or 500 animals can be 

 passed through the tank in an hour. The average cost of con- 

 struction of such a tank of moderate size would be |500, and the 

 cost of dip sufficient for the passage of 10,000 animals is put at 

 .^ilOO to |125. In the opinion of some authorities the arsenical 

 bath has proved of value against anthrax and blackleg. The 

 author strongly urges the installation of cattle dips in all parts 

 of the country, and says that the loss of cattle either directly or 

 indirectly due to ticks is far more serious than is generally 

 supposed. 



GiJELL (A. E-.j. El banc de immersion para el exterminio de la 

 garrapata. [Tlie dipping bath for exterminating ticks.] — 

 Boletin de Foinento, San Jose, Costa Rica, iii, no. o, 1913, 

 pp. 192-194, 1 fig. 



In various districts of Costa liica the cattle are suffering from 

 a terrible plague of ticks and flies, as well as secondary evils, 

 such as blackleg (pierna negra), &c. For fortnightly dipping is 

 recommended a solution of 8 lb. of white arsenic, 24 lb. of sodium 

 carbonate, 1 or 2 gals, of pine tar in 500 gals, of water; for a 

 dip to be applied every three weeks : 10 lb. white arsenic, 25 lb. 

 carbonate of soda, 1 or 2 gals, of pine tar in 500 gals, of water. 



CoiTENs ( — ). L'affection hypodermique du boeuf. [Ox Warbles.] 

 — Annales de Medecirie Veterinaire, Ixelles-Bruxelles, Ixii, 

 nos. 6 & 7, June & July 1913, pp. 309-328 & pp. 384-388. 



This article is a vsummary of the whole subject and deals with 

 the commercial loss caused, the bionomics of the warble fly, and 

 the methods by which it may be destroyed. The author cites 

 a statement by Godfrind, chemist to the "War Ministry at 

 Brussels, to the effect that the w^earing property of warbled hides 

 as leather is only 30 per cent, of that of sound hide. In Belgium 

 it is estimated that out of 400,000 adult cattle slaughtered 

 annually, nearly 50,000 are warbled. The results are given of 

 an enquiry made in North Germany as to the percentage of 

 warbled hides found amongst the stocks of leather merchants; 



