166 



Macfie (J. W. Scott). On the Morphology of the Trypanosome 

 {T. nigeriense, sp. n.) from a case of Sleeping Sickness from 

 Eket, Southern Mgeria. — Ann. Trop. Med. cy Parasit., vii, 

 3 A, 11th All-. 1918, pp. 339-35G. 



Early in 1912 nttentiou was drawn to the presence of a disease 

 resembling sleeping sickness in the Eket district of Southern 

 Nigeria. The parasite, of which a preliminary account is given, 

 difl^ers in several respects from a typical strain of T. gamhiense 

 and the author proposes for it the name T . nigeriense. The Eket 

 district is densely populated and the country is an undulating 

 plateau covered with dense bush, and intersected by numerous 

 waterways ; it includes much swampy land. The dirty towns 

 obtain their water supply at two or three spots which are closely 

 surrounded by bush and trees, and approached along a narrow 

 shaded path. The children and young adults are the water- 

 carriers, and Dr. Foran considers that this accounts for the 

 majority of the cases of sleeping sickness occurring in young- 

 people. Dr. J. J. Simjison records Glossina jjolpalis and G. 

 caliginea from Eket, but according to Dr. Foran G. tacliinoides 

 is also a common species, at any rate, during the months of 

 September and October. If this is true, it is a remarkable fact, 

 as G. tachinoides does not occur so near the coast elsewhere in 

 Southern Nigeria, It is generally found inland, beyond the 

 forest zone. It has been observed that the tsetse-flies appear to 

 follow pigs about more than any other animal, and it is generally 

 easier to catch the flies where these animals are than at the water. 

 Sleeping sickness has apparently existed beyond the memory of 

 the oldest inhabitants of the district. They state, however, that 

 it has become more common lately, and this they attribute to the 

 fact that the present generation ignores old native laws that 

 forbade an infected person to associate with his fellows. 



Balfour (Dr. A.). A Year's Anti-Malarial Work at Khartoum.— 

 Jl. Trop Med. S> Egg., xvi, no. 15, 1st Aug. 1913, pp. 225- 

 232, 4 tables, 1 map, 5 figs. 



This paper is an account of the anti-malarial work at Khartoum 

 for the year 1912, considering it mainly, but by no means wholly, 

 from the epidemiological point of view. The climatic conditions 

 favoured a prevalence of malaria and the town is suffering from 

 the lack of attention paid to the irrigated areas along the Nile 

 to the north, and far outside the municipal boundaries, 

 these areas constituting a serious nuisance as nurseries for 

 Anophelines. Three genera of mosquitos are commonly found 

 in Khartoum, i.e., Cnlex, Stegoviyia and ryretophorvs. The 

 latter is represented by a single species, P. eosfalis, which the 

 author, judging from his experience of the Northern Sudan, 

 considers to be one of the worst of malaria-carrying mosquitos. 



The incidence of malaria and mosquitos is demonstrated by 

 statistical tables and reference to a special map (1,000 yds. to 

 1"8 inches) of Khartoum. Steamers and boats were again opera- 

 tive throughout the year as introducers of mosquitos, both in the 



