171 



Of the fifty-four livin<;' pupae found foity-uiiie were so placed 

 tliat they \vould be daily warmed by the sun. They were 

 collected in the coldest part of the year, and at a time when flies 

 were emerging from pupae in the laboratory after a period of 

 from 75 to 85 days. This protracted period would be mucli re- 

 duced in pupae which were exposed to the warming influence of 

 the sun. 



From observations made, an increase of 1° in the mean tem- 

 perature causes a reduction in the pupation period of from three 

 to five days. 



The following list of bloodsucking insects and ticks collected 

 in the Luangwa Valley from August 1911 to March 1912, and at 

 Ngoa from March to May 1912, is given, with notes as to 

 localities, numbers, etc. 



Ornitliodorus mouhata, the Nkufu Tick, was taken in three 

 villages in the neig-hbourhood of Chinuuda. In two cases it 

 occurred in single huts in very large numbers but was said not 

 to have been seen in any others. In the third village it was found 

 in two huts, in one of which it was numerous while in the other 

 a deserted hut, a sing'le specimen was taken. The author says 

 that the absence of this pest from the Nawalia district is peculiar, 

 as it must be constantly introduced from the higher ground where 

 it is common. The natives attribute the absence to the heat, but 

 a number of ticks brought to Nawalia from the above-mentioned 

 villages lived and bred in the laboratory throughout the hot 

 weather. 



Only one species of Chrijsops (C. fuaclpennis, Ric.) and only 

 one specimen was taken at Nawalia. The following" species of 

 Tahanus were collected: — T. africanus, Gray, T. higtittatus, 

 Wied., T. /jar. Walk., T. Uventipes, Sure, T. nigrostriatus, 

 Ric, T. taeniola, P. de B., and var. variatus, Wlk., T. fraternus, 

 Macq., T. fuscipes, Ric, T. alhipalpiis, Wlk., T. jnillulus, Aust., 

 T. claritibialis, Ric, T. atriinanus, Lw,, T. copeinani, Aust., 

 T. diversus, Ric, T. maculatis sinus, Macq., and five other species, 

 one believed to be as yet undescribed and the remainder not yet 

 identified. 



Haematopota are said not to be nearly su common as Tahanus, 

 either as regards species or individuals. They were most 

 numerous in January and February, but very scarce after the 

 latter month. The following species have been identified: — //. 

 mactans, Aust., H. insidiatrix, Aust., and an undescribed species 

 previously collected in Northern Rhodesia. 



Glossina morsitans, the only species of this genus met with, is 

 generally distributed over the area investigated by the Commis- 

 sion. AucliTnerornyia luteola is common both in the Luangwa 

 Valley and on the plateau. The adult insect is to be found 

 throughout the year. The larvae of Cordylol)ia. anfliropoplxaga, 

 Griinb., were several times seen in the legs of wild rats. A few 

 specimens of Storno.xys nigra, Macq., were found at Nawalia in 

 January resting on grass near a swampy stream. S. calcitrans 

 was very numerous at Mpika in March about the cattle kraals, but 



