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Martoglio (F.). Sulle tripanosomiasi del dromedario eritreo. [On 

 trypanosomiasis in the Eritreau dromedary.] — Atnuili 

 cVlgiene S perimentale , Turin, xxiii (N.S.), part 2, 1913, 

 pp.' 229-234. 



The aiitlior finds that in Eritrea, trypanosomiasis of camels is 

 of two kinds, one due to the same trypanosome whicli causes 

 liovine " jalian " (c/., vol. xv., p. 1); the other, called hy tlu> 

 natives " atteh," being' caused by an entirely different Irypanosome. 

 Both diseases attack other domestic animals besides the dromedary. 

 They are generally contracted in the lower districts, and when 

 they appear on the plateau they invariably do so in confined 

 areas, vsuch as deep valleys. They appear to be absent from the 

 sandy and barren seashore, and the infected localities begin 

 as the ground rises on the lower slopes of the plateau, where 

 woods and streams cool tlie air. Both forms spread towardvS the 

 end of the rainy season and during- the period immediately follow- 

 ing" it, while there are generally no new infections during tlie 

 dry season. 



The " jahan " is transmitted by a Sfomo.ri/s. Its range is 

 limited, and it is chiefly found in horned cattle, though horses, 

 sheep and camels are equally subject to it. A dog having been 

 inoculated with virus from a dromedary, the parasites disappeared 

 after a few days, and its blood was found to be innocuous to 

 horned cattle, even when injected in large quantities. The 

 disease in the dromedary, propagated by the same fly which gives 

 " jahan '' to horned cattle is called " gud-ho " or "gudfi" by the 

 Beni Amer and all the tribes speaking the Tigrc dialect. In 

 many cases it is acute, and is then fatal in two or three weeks, 

 while in the chronic form the chances of recovery increase with 

 the length of resistance. Cured animals are liable to relapse if 

 weakened again by overwork, murrain or other causes. Dogs, 

 rabbits, rats and field-rats are not susceptible to experimental 

 inoculation, and even in very young animals, in which ihe 

 organism sometimes obtains a footing, it soon disappears 

 completely. 



The other trypanosomiasis of the dromedary, termed "atteh " 

 by all Eritreans whose speech is Tigrc, appears to be transmitted 

 l)y Tabanid-T, {Hwmatojjotn or Fdunonia). Woods near torrents 

 or pools are very dangerous ; but the disease can be contracted in 

 the height of the rainy season all over the lower and middle 

 districts. One of the infected mules was, moreover, supposed 

 not to have left the plateau for some time; yet the plateau is 

 not feared at any time by camel-drivers. Infection takes place 

 from dawn to sunset. In dromedaries it is chronic, and the 

 few deaths due to it generally take place within a year, cured 

 animals being immune; in horned cattle it is often fatal, at 

 the end of seven or eight months, to young beasts, while the 

 blood remains infective long after th« cure; in horses it may 

 produce fatal prostration ; in sheep, recovery is the rule, the blood 

 remaining infective a long time after it; in dogs it is usually 

 fatal, as also in rabbits, rats and field-rats. The " atteh," which 



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