191 



Hecke>^roth (F.) & Blaxchard (M.). Transmission du Trjjpano- 

 sojua gamhiense par des moustiques {Mansonid untformis). 

 [The transmissiou of Tiupanosoina gam.bien&e by Man- 

 sonioides uniformis.] — Bull. Soc. Path. Exot., Paris, lltK 

 June 1913, pp. 442-443. 



At 10 a.m., on Sth April, a number of apparently uninfected 

 mosquitos of the species Mansonioides uniformis were let loose in 

 a cag-e containing- a healthy guinea-pig and also one infected with 

 Trypanosoma gamhiense. The former was removed after 48 

 hours, when the dissection of the insects found alive showed no 

 infection. Nor did an examination of the guinea-pig" reveal any 

 trypanosomes on 2Tth and 28th April and 2nd May ; on the other 

 hand, a very few were met with on 30th April, and they were 

 numerous on 5th May. At 10 a.m., on 10th April, the infected 

 guinea-pig' was exposed for 24 hours to the bites of mosquitos, 

 Avhich, for the following 23 hours, were left to feed upon another 

 liealthy animal. The dissected insects were again uninfected, 

 but on 28th April and 2nd May the animal contained numerous 

 trj-pauosomes. A detailed table gives the temperatures and 

 hygrometric conditions during the experiments. 



Vaillard. Au sujet des Mesures a prendre contra les Mouches. 

 [Measures to be taken against Flies.] — Bull. Mens. Office 

 Internat. d'Hyg. Publique, Paris, Aug. 1913, pp. 1313- 

 1336. 



The author after touching on the indifference to the destruction 

 of flies hitherto prevailing in France, emphasises the fact that 

 these insects can transmit microbes for at least 74 hours after 

 infection ; can carry the eggs of parasitic worms, such as Oxyuris, 

 Trichocephalus, Taenia echinococcns, T. nana, and others innocu- 

 ous to man ; and propagate the germs of cholera, typhoid fever, 

 infantile diarrhoea, phthisis, granular ophthalmia, leprosy and 

 other diseases in a concentrated form. The remedies suggested 

 are the covering up of foods, cleanliness and subdued light indoors, 

 with netting on the side of the room from which the light is 

 admitted ; and, besides the usual glass traps, tanglefoot, and 

 burning or spraying of insect powder, a bait mixture of 15 per 

 cent, formalin, 25 per cent, milk and 60 per cent, water, to which 

 a little sugar may be added. A solution of milk or buttermilk 

 with 10 per cent, formalin may also be thrown on the floors of 

 stables, etc. The greyish blue vapours given off by heated 

 Cresol — which should not itself be brought into contact with 

 flame — in the proportion of 5 grammes per cubic metre, wall kill 

 all flies and mosquitos in a room. When the vapours have given 

 it a bluish atmosphere they should be left to penetrate every nook 

 and corner during 3 to 6 hours, when they will destroy all 

 hibernating insects in houses, stables, etc. All rubbish, sewage, 

 putrid matter, etc., should be removed or destroyed; or, when 

 this is impossible, the larvae should be killed by spraying the 

 surface with chloride of lime, slaked lime, petroleum, milk of 

 lime, or sulphate of iron, either powdered or in a 20 per cent. 



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