218 



tion period, whereas the American researches do not justify the 

 extension of this period beyond 8 days. Generally, the authors 

 are of opinion that the whole question of the transmission of 

 poliomyelitis by insects requires much further investigation. 



Selan (TJ.). Ipodermosi, Taroli o Grassine nel Bestiame. [Hypo- 

 dermosis and Warbles in cattle.] — La Rivista di Viticoltura, 

 Enologia ed Aqraria, Conegliano, xix, ser. 5, no. 20, 15th 

 Oct. 1913, pp. 465-468. 



The author describes in general terms the effects produced by 

 the larvae of Hypoderma hovis and li. equi and notes the forma- 

 tion in France in 1910 of an association for the destruction of 

 Hypoderma, quoting from a recent publication of this association 

 a description of the affection and the best means of combating it. 

 The measures of protection advocated are the following. Inas- 

 much as the insects only oviposit during flight in the hot hours 

 of the day between July and September their reproduction can 

 be prevented, where the system of cattle-raising permits, by keep- 

 ing the animals in stalls during this part of the day. The per- 

 sistent extraction of the larvae from the tumours in the skin and 

 their destruction affords also a useful means for steadily reducing 

 the numbers of the fly. 



Stokes (T. G. IST.). Results of the Malaria Investigation in the 

 Central Provinces. — Proceedings of the Third Meeting of the 

 General Malaria Committee held at Madras, 18th-20th Nov. 

 1912, Simla, 1913, pp. 59-60. 



Endemic malaria is widely prevalent in the area investigated, 

 particularly along the Satpura hills which run right across the 

 province. The causes assigned are: — (1) The presence of scrub 

 jungle, dense jungle and rank vegetation in the vicinity of 

 villages; (2) the presence of harmful species of Anophelines, viz., 

 culicifacies, listoni, theobaldi and jeyporensis, all of which breed 

 in shady jungle ravines with hard stony impervious beds, Avhich 

 retain water to the end of the cold weather ; (3) the low economic 

 condition of the people and their poor clothing, and the abund- 

 ance of mosquitos ; (4) social conditions — especially the splitting 

 up of jungle villages into groups of huts at short distances apart, 

 which makes site clearing difficult; and finally (5) the system of 

 watching crops round the jungle edge to frighten away pig, 

 peafowl, etc., which exposes the villager at night to mosquito 

 attack. 



In the Vindhya range of hills in the north of the province 

 (Saugor) although the villages greatly resemble those of the 

 Satpuras they are not so infested with malaria. The village sites 

 are cleared and there are few harmful Anophelines, though 

 whether this depends upon the site clearing or upon the fact that 

 the geology and flora of the two ranges are different has not yet 

 been ascertained. 



