227 



may at times actiiolly prevent breeding' by g-ivinfif enouo-h mois- 

 ture to cause tli(> e<>f)s to liatcb, bnt insiitficient water for tlie 

 needs of tbe birvae. Investig'atioiis of the relations of the tides 

 and rainfall to tbe breediiio- of salt-marsb nu)S(|uitos are far from 

 complete. 



W'lAsj.ow (('. J^]. A.). Museum Co-operation in the Teaching' of 

 School Hygiene and Sanitation. — Americdii Mus. -//., Neiv 

 Vol/,-, xiii, no. T, ISov. 191o, p. -317, -3 fio's. 



Ill this atblress, delivered before the fonrth International 

 ('(inuress of Scdmol Ilyg-iene at Buffalo, it is urged that the teach- 

 ing' of hygiene in s(diooLs in New York should be accompanied by 

 denH)nstrations of the exhibits in the New York Museum, many 

 of whi( h are arranged specially from a hygienic point of view. 

 I'he relation of insects to disease affords a particnlarly frnitfiil 

 held for museum work; tlie mnseiim contains enlarged models of 

 mosquitos, and of the house-lly. A wide series of facts bearing on 

 tlie life-history of tlie fly are ilhistrated, as well as the relation of 

 llie fly to disease, the practical methods for its control, and the 

 results achieved thereby. A similar model of the flea which 

 carries plague, is under ])reparation. It is hoped to develop this 

 plan in connection with the mosquitos of malaria and yellow 

 fever and (lilier insecl disease-carriers, in a few years. 



FisKE {\y . Y.). The Bionomics of Glossina; a Review with Hypothe- 

 tical Conclusions. — Bull. Entom. Uescaich, London, iv, pt. 2, 

 Sept. 19l;;5. pp. 95-111. 



In this paper the author offers an explanation to account for the 

 local disparity between the sexes, and the apparently arbitrary 

 distribution of the fly, observed in the case of various species of 

 (rlo.^-^ina. He believes that a connexion exists between the 

 observed phenomena of sex disparity and specialised migratory 

 movements. 



The results of many experiments lead to the following conclu- 

 sions : — (1) that local sex disparity is characteristic of G. imlpalu 

 — for example, Kinghorn and Montgomery made catches on the 

 island of MatondAvi, near tlie southern shore of Tanganyika, in 

 which 91 per cent, to 98'8 per cent, were males; (2) that such a 

 disparity is independent of the season ; (3) that it is not due to the 

 production of the sexes in unequal numbers — Carpenter bred 1,400 

 [lies from ])upae collected upon the island of Damba (where males 

 hugely i)redoniinate), and obtained the sexes in approximately 

 equal numbers ; (4) that in some manner it is associated with the 

 conditions of the shores of lakes and larg-e rivers. The results 

 depend on the assumption that the proportion of the sexes in a 

 lot of flies caught, is indicative of the proportions of the sexes 

 ]in'\a!liiig ill thai lornlity; from experiments made with marked 

 flies wliiidi were set free nud re-caught, it is concluded that the 

 assumption is correct. 



