was hardly ever above 5, but in July it rose to 20 per cent. ; from one 

 of the above-mentioned localities many females were taken and 

 liberated in other parts where their presence had not already been 

 proved ; the ease with which this species has become acclimatised 

 and the rapidity with which it multiphes and spreads, it being present 

 in some districts actually in great numbers, encourage the hope that 

 it may effectually control Phijfalus smithi. Experiments have shown 

 that the presence of the plant, Cordia interrupta, is essential to 

 the existence of T. pamllela and Scolia rufa, and it also strongly 

 attracts the adults of P. smithi, which may then be easily captured. 



Dudley (F. H.). A Few Insects and Diseases Common to Small 

 Fruits. — Bull. Maine Dept. Agric, Augusta, xvii, no. 3, September 

 1918, pp. 22-27. 



The insect pests attacking the raspberry in the United States are :^ 

 (1) Raspberry cane-borer [Oberea binmculata], the female beetle girdling 

 the young tips by cutting two rings round the shoot about an inch 

 apart, between which the egg is inserted. The young larva burrows 

 downwards through the pith, the life-cycle of the insect taking 2 or 3 

 years to complete. The pest may be effectively controlled by cutting 

 oft' the drooping tips below the point of injury, and in the event of 

 the whole canes dying, they should be cut in late summer before the 

 larvae reach the base to hibernate. (2) Raspberry saw-fly 

 [Monophadmis rubi], which oviposits beneath the skin of the leaves 

 and close beside the ribs. Spraying or dusting with hellebore has been 

 known to exercise effective control. (3) Raspberry-cane maggot 

 [Phorbia rubivora], a fly much resembhng the common house-fly, 

 wliich oviposits in the fork at the base of the top leaves, soon after 

 the young canes start in the spring. The larva burrows downwards 

 in the pith for a short distance and then girdles the cane inside the 

 bark, causing the upper part to wilt and die. The larva bores down- 

 wards, pupates and hibernates near the base of the cane, the adult 

 emerging the following spring. The pest may be controlled by 

 gathering and burning the wilted tops, and cutting out any infested 

 canes containing pupae. 



Blackberries are attacked by the giant root-borer [?], the adult 

 beetle appearing about the middle of July, and often doing much 

 damage before being discovered, as it usually flies at night. 



Reddick (D.). Dusting, a Substitute for Spraying in the Apple Orchard. 



— Bull. Maine Dept. Agric, Augusta, xvii, no. 3, September 

 1918, pp. 52-59. 



The greater part of the subject matter of this paper has ah-eady 

 been noticed [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 181]. The practical 

 experience of growers conducting tests on a commercial scale during 

 1916 and 1917 was that neither dust nor spray gave satisfactory 

 results, since both seasons were unusually favourable for the develop- 

 ment of scab, and most unfavourable for work in the orchard. These 

 two years of practical work indicate that dusting may become a com- 

 mon practice in New York. The reasons for such a prediction are : — ■ 

 The scab disease is subject to great fluctuations, and during the past 



