14 



them to mill certain infested rice direct from the wharf or a quarantined 

 warehouse, and immediately send the empty sacks to the fumigating 

 station. It is hoped shortly to obtain more valuable results from 

 cold-storage experiments regarding rice-infestation. 



Wester (P. J.). The Coconut, its Culture and Uses. — Philippine 

 Agric. Review, Manila, xi, no, 1, 1918, pp. 5-57, 19 plates, 6 figs. 

 [Received 1st November 1918.] 



This paper gives a list of the chief insect pests of the coconut, the 

 majority of which have already been recorded [see this Review, Ser. A, 

 ii, p. 689, & iv, p. 148]. 



The two most destructive pests in the Philippines are Oryctes rhino- 

 ceros, L., (rhinoceros beetle) and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Oliv. 

 (coconut red weevil). 



The life-history of the former and its damage to coconuts are 

 described, and recommendations are given for its control [see this 

 Revieiv, Ser. A, vi, p. 259]. 



For the latter [see this Review, Ser. A, v, p. 326 & 499], the author 

 recommends traps for the adults consisting of other native palms, 

 the trunks of which should be cut up in convenient lengths and split 

 and placed with small piles of rubbish about the infested area. Each 

 morning the beetles thus trapped should be collected and killed. After 

 two weeks' exposure the bait should be burnt in order to kill the larvae 

 that may have developed from eggs laid in it. , 



For leaf-eating pests a poison spray is recommended of 1-5 lb. 

 lead arsenate, with an equal quantity of quicklime, to 20 gals, water. 

 Contact sprays such as kerosene emulsion, resin wash or lime-sulphur 

 might also be used. Handpicking should be practised where spraying 

 is impossible. Locusts occasionally attack coconut trees when cereal 

 crops fail them. 



A list is given of the Aleurodids and Coccids infesting the coconut. 

 The most dangerous of these, both in the Philippines and elsewhere, 

 is Aspidiot'us destructor. Sign. Others include Aleurodicus cocois. Curt, 

 {destructor, Quaint.) and the scale- insects, Selenaspidus {Aspidiotus) 

 articulatus, Morg., A. cocotiphagus, Marl., A. cydoniae punicae, Ckll., 

 A. lataniae. Sign., A. pahnae, Ckll, Asterolecanium lineare, Lindl., 

 Ceroplastes actiniformis. Green, Chionaspis Candida, Banks, 

 Chrysomphalus aonidum, L., C. aurantii. Mask., C. personatus, Comst., 

 C. propsimus, Banks, Coccus acutissimus. Green, Diaspis boisduvali 

 cocois, Licht., Fiorinia fioriniae, Targ., Furcaspis oceanica, Lind., 

 Hemichionaspis aspidistrae, Sign., H. minor. Mask., Lepidosaphes 

 gloveri. Pack., L. unicolor. Banks, L. mcgregori, Banlcs, Pinaspis huxi, 

 Bch., Pseudococcus cocotis. Mask., P. virgatus, Ckll., and P. pa)idani, 

 Ckll. These scale-insects are generally kept in check by their natural 

 enemies, even Aspidiotus destructor only appearing in sporadic out- 

 breaks. When necessary the contact sprays referred to above should 

 be used once or twice at intervals of about three weeks. The more 

 seriously infested leaves should be cut away and burned. 



The flowers and young fruits of the coconut are practically free 

 from destructive pests. The Pentatomid bug, Axiagastus cambelli, 

 Dist., described from the Solomon Islands, is an exception, and when it 

 appears in dangerous numbers should be treated with the same sprays 

 as for scales. 



