32 



apparatuses " tanks." It has been found that the best total result 

 is attained if the catchers follow the " tanks " over the ground, this 

 accounting for the larvae, while the " tanks " deal with the adults. 



VON UND zu Egloffstein (Frh. [Baron] H.A.C.F.E.)- Helopeltis- 

 Bestrijding op de Onderneming Tjikopo-Zuid. [Anti- Helopeltis 

 Work on the Tjikopo South Estate.] — Meded. Proefstation voor 

 Thee, Buitenzorg, lix, 1918, pp. 39-50. 



In 1916 about 7 million Helopeltis were captured on this estate, 

 the monthly figure varying from 933,552 in March to 328,036 in 

 August. The variation depends partly on the number of workers 

 (mostly children) available, labour at some seasons, such as when the 

 rice crop is being harvested, being very scarce. In any case direct 

 measures are inadequate and indirect ones must be resorted to. At 

 Tjikopo the plantation was separated from the uncultivated land by 

 a cleared belt about 1 yard in width. Many of the wild trees and 

 bushes were found to harbour Helopeltis. The belt was widened to 

 about 9 yards, and after an increased infestation of brief duration the 

 tea bushes became much more free from the pest. Lamtoro [Leucaena 

 glauca] seems to be beneficial to tea among which it is planted, but 

 it was observed that in places where Alhizzia was grown as a green 

 manure Helopeltis occurred in great abimdance. The very best 

 remedy against Helopeltis is a dry East Monsoon [dry season] and the 

 wet weather in 1915-1916 was the chief factor in the subsequent 

 increase of infestation. 



Froggatt (W. W.). The Apple-leaf Jassid {Empoasca amtralis). — 

 Agric. Gaz. N. S. W., Sydney, xxix, no. 8, August 1918, pp. 568- 

 571, 2 plates. [Received 18th November 1918.] 



Attention is called to recent abundance on apple-trees in Australia 

 of Empoasca australis, sp. n., which is closely related to, if not identical 

 with, E. mali, but differs somewhat in colour and in the manner of 

 injury. A description of this Australian species is given. The actual 

 damage to the apple crop caused by_ these Jassids at present is not 

 very serious, but in the middle of April they were very numerous and 

 active, and if they were to appear early in the season, they might 

 cause all the foliage to fall. It is considered advisable to clear up 

 and dig into the soil all fallen leaves and weeds in which eggs might 

 be deposited or where nymphs or adults might be sheltering in all 

 infested orchards. As the eggs are laid under the bark in the young 

 wood the best time to spray would be early summer before the first 

 generations have had time to develop and deposit more eggs. Kerosene 

 emulsion or tobacco and soap wash should be effective contact poisons. 



Froggatt (W. W.). Experimental Work with Fruit-flies. — Agric. Gaz. 

 N. S. W., Sydney, xxLx, no. 8, August 1918, pp. 579-580. 

 [Received 18th November 1918.] 



The question of dealing with the fruit-flies, Dacus ferrngineus (tryoni) 

 and Ceratitis capitata, otherwise than by the systematic destruction 



