44 



succulent weeds in autumn, but did little damage to vegetables. 

 Dwbrotica vittata (striped cucmnber beetle), Crioceris asparagi 

 (asparagus beetle) and C. duodecimpufwtata were fairly numerous. 



On orchard fruits, Cydia pomonella (codling moth) emerged in late 

 June and early July. Probably for this reason the larvae were unable 

 to enter the calyx end of the fruit and much side injury resulted. 

 Estigmene acraea (salt-marsh caterpillar) skeletonises the leaves. The 

 tussock moths, HetJierocampa Jeiicostigma and Orgyiu (Notohphus) 

 antiqua, were destructive to shade and fruit trees, but the eggs and 

 pupae were attacked by parasites. Mineola indiginella (leaf crumpler) 

 attacked unfolding apple leaves in small numbers. Phigalia titca Vvas 

 taken on 30th April on silver maple. ColeopJiora jletcherelh (cigar 

 case-bearer) was abundant on apple. Datana ministra (yellow-necked 

 caterpillar) fed on apple and service-berry {Atnehnchier). Ceresa 

 bubalus (buffalo tree-hopper) scars the branches of various shade and 

 orchard trees. 



Minor pests of fruit included Monophadnus rubi (raspberry sawfly), 

 Aegeria (Sesia) tipuliformis (imported currant borer) and Pteronus 

 ribesi (imported currant sawfly). Cymatophora ribearia (currant span- 

 worm) did some damage to flowering currants {Ribes cereum). The 

 worst pest of grapes is Typhhcyba comes (leaf- hopper). Blackleaf 40 

 (1 : 100) is a good contact poison and should be applied under pressure 

 to the under-side of the leaves. Clean cultivation destroys the insects 

 hibernating in neighbouring sods and weeds. 



Shade and forest tree pests included Hyphantria cnnea (fall web- 

 worm) on Fraxinus (ash) ; Trichiocampus viminalis (poplar sawfly) 

 on CaroMna poplar and Caligrapha scalaris (birch Chrysomelid) on 

 willow. 



Fontanel (P.). Ants and Aphids. — Tenth Ann. Rept. Quebec Soc. 

 Protection Plants from Insects & Fungous Disea'^es, 1917-1918 ; 

 Quebec, 1918, pp. 52-57. [Received 23rd November 1918.] 



The relations existing between ants and Aphids are discussed, the 

 object of the paper being to show that ants are on the whole injurious 

 to plants through their relations with Aphids, and that the smaller 

 the plants are the greater is the injury done by them. Ants may be 

 beneficial in that they may accidentally kill some Aphids or keep 

 them in their nests and so prevent them from injuring the plant ; 

 they also absorb the matter secreted by Aphids which frequently 

 injures the plant by blocking the stomata. On the other hand, injury 

 is done by the ants in protecting Aphids from weather and natural 

 enemies, in the proj)agation of Aphids on their food-plants, and in 

 the isolation of plants from the soil, as these frequently have their 

 roots uncovered by the ants in order to secure nourishment for the 

 Aphids. 



SwAiNE (J. M.). The Control of the White-marked Tussock Moth.— 



Tenth Ann. Rept. Quebec Soc. Protection Plants from Insects <& 



Fungous Diseases, 1917-1918 ; Quebec, 1918, pp. 58-69, 2 plates. 



[Received 23rd November 1918.] 



The importance of shade trees in the streets of such cities as Montreal 



and the economic loss owing to their injury by insects is discussed. 



The control measures advocated ? gainst vrood -boring grubs are the 



