45 



cutting out and destroying of the larvae with a sharp knife or wire, 

 or killing them in their burrows by injecting carbon bisulphide with 

 a syringe and closing the openings with putty, soap or clay. After 

 24 hours the dead larvae should be removed if possible, the cavities 

 disinfected and then filled with cement or putty. Among defoliating 

 caterpillars one of the most important is the white-marked tussock 

 moth [Hetnerocampa lencostigmd], of which there is one generation 

 annually in Quebec. The life-history and habits of this insect are 

 described, natural enemies enumerated and remedial measures 

 recommended [see this Review, Ser. A, v, pp. 174, 309 & vi, 330]. 



LocHHEAD (W.). The most common Plant Lice or Aphids. — Tenth 

 Ann. Rept. Quebec Soc. Protection Plants from Insects & Fungous 

 Diseases, 1917-1918; Quebec, 1918, pp. 79-91, 6 figs. [Received 

 23rd November 1918.] 



A popular accoimt of North American Aphids is given, with notes 

 on their method of increase, natural enemies and control. The chief 

 economic species attacking cereal and farm crops, fruits, garden plants 

 and shade and forest trees are enumerated, with a brief account of 

 each. A partial list of double-host Aphids is given, with a useful key 

 to the chief economic genera. 



ViDAL (G.). A propos de la Pyrale. [Concerning Sparganothis 

 piUeriana.] — Progres Agric. Vitic, Montpellier, Ixx, no. 41, 

 13th October 1918, pp. 343-345. 



It is well-known that the best measures, whatever they may be, 

 against Sparganothis pilleriana on vines are never absolutely successful ; 

 the most that can be said is that they check in a greater or less degree 

 the ravages of the moth. The author is of opinion that while the 

 individuals that survive are in part those that have not been reached 

 by the boiling water or insecticides applied to the tree, there are also 

 very many that may have hibernated elsewhere than on the tree, 

 in vegetable debris in the vineyard for example, and which neither 

 thorough cultivation of the ground nor humidity of the soil can always 

 destroy. Several instances are described of the infestation of new 

 vine-shoots which had only just appeared above-ground after having 

 been under the soil throughout the winter. As the infestation was 

 regularly distributed over an area of about five acres, it is hardly 

 probable that wind could have brought the insects ; it is therefore 

 concluded that the young larvae find sufi&cient protection on the ground 

 for hibernation, that even deep digging does not destroy them, and 

 that in spite of it they can find their way in the spring to the vine- 

 shoots. This theory also explains the difference in size of individuals 

 that may be found on the same vine, the largest being those left on 

 the vine-stock, the smallest those that have hibernated on the soil. 

 Intermediate examples may be those that have migrated to the 

 vine after some period of growth on other plants, this moth being 

 found on about 30 species of plants, including practically all that 

 grow in vineyards ; a list of the commoner ones is given. Many of 

 these plants dry up or are cut down before the larvae can complete 

 development upon them and these then migrate to vines, giving rise 

 to the heavier infestation that is often noticed towards the end of May 

 or in June. 



