73 



in the terminal shoots of young cotton. PeclinopJwra gossypielh 

 predominated in early flowers and in damaged flowers throughout 

 the season, these commonly failing to set bolls, but tliis species did 

 not occur in bhindi. Earias fahia predominated in damaged bolls, 

 E. insulana not occurring during the year. 



During the first week in September 19'6 per cent, of Earias collected 

 from American cotton, and 16'6 per cent, of those from desi cotton, 

 were parasitised oy Rhogas. No Rhogas emerged from the Earias 

 collected from bhindi except from the last batch collected at the end 

 of October, 5 per cent, of which were parasitised. 



Parasitism to the extent of 20 per cent, was found in P. gossypiella 

 collected in September, this being the first recorded instance at 

 Cawnpore. 



To determine the method of hibernation of various bollworms, 

 16 plants of desi cotton were enclosed under nets from 14th November 

 to 14th March. There were then found 43 P. gossypiella, 1 hibernating 

 on the ground, 5 in open bolls on the plant, and 37 in open bolls on the 

 ground ; two Earias were found actively feeding inside buds on the 

 plant ; three Dysdercus cingulatus were found on the plants, one 

 immature ; two pupae, identified as those of Cirphis loreyi and Euxoa 

 spinifera were dug up from the ground around the plants. Two one- 

 pound samples of stained seed-cotton from the last pickings, examined 

 on 25th November and 11th December, yielded 330 and 293 hve boll- 

 worms, 13 and 9 dead ones and one living pupa. There is every 

 reason to beheve that P. gossypiella is a more serious pest of cotton 

 at Cawnpore than Earias, being carried over from one season to the 

 next in cotton left standing in the field, in seed-cotton and in cotton 

 seed. The only other cotton pest of any importance was Sylepta 

 derogata (cotton leaf-roller), occurring chiefly on American cotton ; 

 this was easily controlled by hand-picking during the earUer stages. 



The borer, Chilo simplex, appeared as usual in young sngar-cane in 

 April-May and from July to November was found almost entirely 

 in juar {SorgJnmi vulgare), which it seems to prefer to sugar-cane. From 

 December to March it was found hibernating in juar stalks stored 

 for cattle food, the moths emerging early in April. Scirpophaga sp. 

 was found in sugar-cane throughout the year, no serious damage 

 being done. It did not migrate to juar in July, but hibernated in 

 sugar-cane. 



Agrotis ypsilon was found in considerable numbers on potato and 

 tobacco in March and April, Laphygma exigua being found in small 

 numbers on potato, as well as Monolepta signata and Myllocerus 

 eating potato leaves. 



Storing potatoes in sand owing to the presence of Phthorimaea 

 operculella (potato moth) was resorted to in one district, the sand 

 being temporarily removed and bad tubers picked out once a month. 

 Much better results were obtained by storing in sand on a bamboo 

 platform than on the floor. 



Griddle (N.). The Large Aspen Tortrix, Cacoecia conflictana, Walk. 



— Agric. Gaz. Canada, Otiaiva, v, no. 11, November 1918, 



pp. 1049-1051, 2 figs. 



Instances of comparatively harmless insects suddenly developing 



into destructive pests are seen in the case of Porosagrotis orlhogonia 



(C538! o 



