[see this Review, Ser. A. iii, p. 407]. It is stated that Coccobacilhs 

 acridiorum does not cause sufficient mortahty among Docioslauno^, 

 }naroccanus to be effective. The collection of egg-masses is a cheap 

 method where labour is abundant and there aie more than 100 masses 

 per 11 square feet ; it has, however, the disadvantage of destroying 

 the pasture. Collection of the locusts themselves is a primitive and 

 unsatisfactory method. Spraying a tar-oil emulsion destroys about 

 50 per cent, of the locusts, but is costly. Spraying with sodimn 

 arsenite is a highly useful and advisable measure, but land so sprayed 

 must not be used for pasture until rain has fallen. An even better 

 method is a poison-bait of bran and sodium arsenite, and this is the 

 measure recommended for land that is not cultivated. In the case 

 of cultivated land ploughing, followed by the sowing of winter cereals, 

 is the best procedure. 



VoGLiNO (P.). La Ragna Ruga dei Meli, Hyponomeuta malwellus, 

 Zell. [The Apple Caterpillar, H. malinellus, £ell.] — R. Osservatorio 

 di Fitopatologia, Turin, 1918, Fogho d'Istruzione no. 8, 4 pp., 

 1 fig. [Received 2nd December 1918.] 



No new information is contained in this popular leaflet. 



BE Stefani (T.). II Verme dei Frutti del Pistacchio. [The Pistachio 

 Fruit Worm.] — R. Osservatorio di Fitopatologia, Palermo, 1918, 

 33 pp., 19 figs. [Received 2nd December 1918 ] 



The pistachio is a plant of considerable economic importance in 

 Sicily. Pistacia vera is attacked by the Aphids, Tetraneura utriciilaria. 

 Pass., T. semilunaria. Pass., and T. derbesi, Buckt., while Pistacia 

 Terebinthus [terebinth] commonly , though erroneously, beheved to be the 

 male plant and used to fertilise P. vera, is infested in addition by 

 T. cornicularia. Pass., T. follicidaria, Pass., and T. JolUcularia var. 

 initialis, Dest. Both plants are attacked by the Acarids, Eriopihyes 

 slej'anii, Nal., and E. pidaciae, Nal. This last may prove very injurious 

 if the malformation of the flower-buds reaches a point where pollination 

 is prevented ; all the other species are practically harmless. Both 

 P. vera and P. lerebinthns have a dangerous enemy in the Chalcid, 

 Megasiigmus {Trogocarpus) balestrerii, which attacks the kernel and has 

 destroyed half the crop in some plantations. M. baleatrerii has one 

 annual generation in two periods. The first, from the end of August 

 to mid-September, may be held to be abnormal and due to the prolonged 

 summer heat hastening all stages from egg to adult. The second 

 period takes place in the following ye^r from the end of June to early 

 August. This is the normal generation and is descended from larvae 

 that have (in the preceding year) experienced the fall of temperature 

 in September and then remained in a state of hibernation until the 

 following May. The resultant normal adults find the young pistachio 

 fruits in June and July in a suitable state for oviposition, whereas 

 the abnormal adults in September are unable to deposit their eggs 

 in the fruit owing to its hardness at that season. Even should eggs 

 be deposited, the larvae will generally be imable to transform into 

 adults before the cool weather begins in September and they will 

 therefore merge into the normal generation. The danger period for 



