123 



cabbage), wild cabbage being its usual host-plant, and also readily 

 adapts itself to the cultivated variety. At Fano, Italy, the larvae attack 

 cauliflowers, destroying the tips of the young plants. The insect 

 has two generations annually, the adults appearing in July and 

 September. In England there is only one generation, in July and 

 August. The method of preventing loss by late sowing has proved 

 impracticable. 



Vayssiere (P.). Existence en France du Diaspis pentagona, Targ. 

 (Hem. Coccidae). [The Occurrence of Aulacapsis pentagona in 

 France.] — Bull. Soc. Entom. France, Paris, 1918, no. 18, 

 27th November 1918, pp. 242-243. 



Aulacaspis {Diaspis) pentagona, the dangerous pest of the mulberry 

 in silk-growing countries, is widely distributed in Italy, where its host- 

 plants number 54 species, chiefly fruit trees and ornamental plants, 

 such as the apricot, almond, bignonia, cherry, cherry-laurel, lilac, etc., 

 and many control measures have been instituted there, including 

 the propagation of Prospaltella berlesei, How. 



In France, legislation and careful inspection have hitherto prevented 

 its entry, but since August 1918 it has been reported from several 

 points just across the Italian frontier, having probably entered on 

 vegetables introduced during the war by routes other than those 

 subjected to official inspection. 



Essais de Destruction de la Cochylis et de rEud6mis par des 

 Champignons parasites. [Attempts to control Clysia ambiguella 

 and Polychrosis botrana by means of parasitic Fungi.]— Za Vie 

 Agric. et Rur., Paris, ix, no. 1, 4th January 1919, pp. 19-20. 



Attempts have been made to control Clysia ambiguella and 

 Polychrosis botrana by means of the fungi, Spicaria farinosa var. 

 verticilloides and Botrytis bassiana, but without success in the field 

 during the vegetative period, though some positive results have been 

 obtained in the laboratory. 



Experunents have shown that the mode of infection is not 

 always the same ; sometimes it is by penetration of the integument 

 of the insect, sometimes by way of the digestive tube, sometimes by 

 obstruction of the respiratory tract. Further, every epidemic of 

 fimgous origin is controlled by external conditions, insect-infesting fungi 

 beuig practically inoperative in summer, a time when the resistance 

 of insects is at a maximum, while a moist state of the atmosphere 

 hinders the germination of the spores and the growth of the mycelium. 



It has not been fomid possible to infect these two moths with 

 Nosema bombycis. 



RiTZEMA Bos (J.). Insektenschade in het Voorjaar 1918. [Insect 

 Injury in Holland in the Spring of 1918.] — Meded. Landbouw- 

 hoogeschool, Wageningen, xv, no. 2, 1918, pp. 68-74. [Received 

 2nd January 1919.] 



Damage by insects was very marked in the spring and early summer 

 of 1918 owing to the prolonged dry weather, to the early occurrence 

 {C54.5) c2 



