124 



of warm weather and to the cultivation of grassland. Beans were 

 grown on a very large scale and this must have encouraged the increase 

 of Phorbia {Anthomyia) cilicrura. Oats, barley, wheat, potatoes, 

 cabbage, peas, beans, etc., were attacked by Elaterid larvae, chiefly, 

 though not exclusively, on former pasture land. Beet-fields were 

 infested by the larvae of Silpha afraia. Raspberries were injured 

 by the raspberry beetles, Bytnrus fumatus and B. tomentosus. 

 Meligethes aeneus was particularly injurious to flowering radish plants. 

 Otionhynchus tenebricosus injured fruit trees, retarding the development 

 of young shoots and foliage, while 0. singularis damaged raspberry, 

 apple, pear and grape-vine. Cneorrhinus plagiatus (geminatus) 

 attacked French beans, and Sitones lineatus young peas and beans 

 and in one district severely injured clover, which is unusual. 

 Cryptorrhynchus lapathi, which normally infests willows and poplars, 

 was observed boring in pear twigs and Anthonotnus pyri injured pear 

 buds, while A. pomorum was very harmful in many localities. Flea- 

 beetles of the genns Phyllotreta did much damage to melons, cucumbers, 

 turnips and radish. PsylUodes chrysocephala, which had decreased 

 with the diminished cultivation of rape-seed in Groningen, has 

 reappeared. 



The saw-fly, Pteronus rihesii {Nematus ventricosus), did much damage 

 to gooseberries, while Lygaeonematuspini {N. abietum), oi a closely-allied 

 species, attacked Picea excelsa and Picea pungens glauca. Hoplocampa 

 testudinea injured young apples; this saw-fly is more common than 

 is usually supposed, much of the damage it does being ascribed to 

 Cydia pomonella. Rose leaves were curled by Blennocatnpa pusilla. 

 Lophyrus rufus appeared to have increased considerably. The larva 

 of a species of Cephus was found boring in young raspberry shoots. 



Lepidopterous pests included Malacoso?na (Gastropacha) neustria, 

 of which a great increase was noted. The caterpillars of Olethreutes 

 urticaria and Sparganothis {Tortrix) pilleriana severely attacked 

 strawberries, while Depressaria heracleana injured the inflorescences 

 of parsnips. Coleophora laricella seriously damaged larches. 



Injurious Diptera included Tipulid larvae attacking cabbage, which 

 also suffered severely from the larvae of Phorbia {Anthomyia) brassicae 

 and P. {A.) cilicrura. P. {A.)platurahi]\n:ed shallots, onions and leeks, 

 while lupin seedlings were destroyed by P. (A.) funesta. The weather 

 in spring was very favourable to Aphids, and in many localities beans 

 were heavily infested by them. The Coccid, Pulvinaria betulae, 

 attacked birch and, in one instance, peach. 



ScHOEVERs (T. A. C). Proeven met eenige Chemicalien ter Bestrijding 

 van het Wortelaaltje, Heterodera radicicola, Greef. [Trials with 

 some Chemicals in the Control of the Nematode, H. radicicola.'] — 

 Meded. Landbmiwhoogeschool, Wageningen, xv, no. 2, 1918, 

 pp. 85-88. [Received 2nd January 1919.] 



These experiments confirm the value of lime and sulphate of ammonia 

 against Heterodera radicicola, as reported on a previous occasion [see 

 this Review, Ser. A, v, p. 277], and it was also found that formalin 

 (1^ per cent, of the commercial article) gave equally good results. 

 Naphthaline and carbolineum were also of some value. 



