139 



aloe ; A. kellyi on Andropogon amplectens ; A. {Diaspidiotus) ehretiae 

 on Ehretia hottentoftica ; A. (Selenaspidus) pumilus on New Zealand 

 flax (Phormium tenax) ; A. (S.) griqua on Arthrosolen jjolycephalus ; 

 A. {S.) pertusus on Euphorbia and Mimusops ; and Furcaspis proteae 

 on Protea and Faurea saligna. 



Lame (C. G.). On a Parasitic Drosophila from Trinidad. — 5wiZ. Entom. 

 Research, London, ix, no. 2, September 1918, pp. 157-162, 4 figs. 



Drosophila paradoxa, sp. n., is here described from material collected 

 in Trinidad by Mr. C. B. Williams and stated by the collector to 

 be parasitic on a Cercopid of the genus Clastg^tem which was found 

 attacking casuarina trees. 



In a later communication the collector reported that a Drosophila 

 he found in Panama was not a true parasite of Clastoptera but 

 only an inquiline. In Trinidad, however, he collected about 30 

 spittle-masses of an allied species of Clastoptera on Casuarina trees, 

 about half containing Drosophila larvae with their heads buried in 

 the Clastoptera nymphs between the dorsal and abdominal plates. 

 Similar habits have been observed in Drosophila inversa, Wlk., in 

 Minnesota, and this species, incorrectly determined as D. siginoides, 

 Lw., has also been reported as having been bred from pupae found 

 in the froth of a Cercopid. 



Williams (C. B.). A Froghopper on Sugar-cane in British Guiana. — 



Bull. Entom. Research, London, ix, no. 2, September 1918, pp. 

 163-173, 3 figs. 



The froghopper found attacking sugar-cane in British Guiana is 

 Toniaspis flavilatera, Urich, which in 1915 and 1916 was generally 

 ^distributed along the east coast and in small numbers on a plantation 

 just west of the Essequibo River, though no serious damage has, as 

 yet, been done by it. During the daytime the adults may be found 

 in large numbers on the short succulent grass growing along the drainage 

 trenches which intersect the sugar plantations and separate the high 

 dry ridges on which the cane grows. The absence of any long dry 

 season, together with the low level of the land, ensures the fields being 

 always more or less damp. 



Control may be exercised in various ways, such as flooding the fields, 

 a method quite impossible in Trinidad ; by hand labour while the 

 fields are flooded, the nymphs which crawl up the stems being shaken 

 off into the water and destroyed ; by sweeping the ditches with a hand 

 net, a very efficacious method, but one which is impracticable in 

 Trinidad owing to slight differences in the habits of the insect and in 

 methods of cultivation ; by the use of trap-lights, the results of which 

 are, however, negligible. 



Natural enemies include a Chalcid egg-parasite, Oligosita giraulti 

 (vermilion parasite), and a species of Haplothrips, a thrips that also 

 destroys the egg ; the Syrphid fly, Salpingogaster nigra, attacking the 

 nymph ; the Reduviids, Heza perarnata, Kirby, and Zelus mimus, 

 Stal ; the predaceous grasshoppers, Pflugis inantispa, Bol., and Xiphi- 

 dium propinquum, Redt. ; dragonflies ; Attid spiders ; predatory 

 Ants feeding on the adults but not on the nymphs, which are protected 



(C562) a2 



