159 



Remedial measures are not required in large forests, but collection by 

 jarring may be practised in gardens. To get rid of tbe larvae in 

 nursery beds the plants must be lifted and transplanted, and the old 

 beds dug up and the larvae crushed. As the maple, alder and service 

 tree are favourite food-plants of P. psittacinus, their vicinity should 

 be avoided when laying out gardens. Oviposition may be prevented 

 by covering the beds with a thick layer of quicklime. The oak scale, 

 Asterolecanium variolosum, Ratz. {quercicola, Bch.), chiefly attacks 

 young oaks, and in bad cases branches or young stems may be killed, 

 the bark being loosened and falling ofi. On the trunks of older trees 

 the bark is only deformed. If infestation is severe and extensive, 

 the trees must be cut down level with the ground ; single trees should 

 be painted with a wash. The infestation of willows by the gall- 

 midge, Rhabdophaga {Cecidomyia) saliciperda, Duf., attracts tits and 

 woodpeckers in search of the larvae and these birds severely damage 

 the bark and bast. In a forest near the Rhine and liable to inundation 

 the Scolytid beetles, Hylesinus fraxini, F., H. oleiperda, F., H. crenatus, 

 F., and H. orni, Fuchs, especially the two first-named, injured trees 

 weakened by floods. H. oleiperda continued to spread northwards. 

 Larch shoots are killed by the larva of Cecidomyia kellneri, Hensch., 

 which is common in Upper Bavaria and in the Alps extends right 

 up to the limit of larch. In the case of single trees the buds may be 

 cut off and burnt. Coleophora laricella, Hb., is another pest of larch 

 that can be combated in isolated cases only ; the pupal cases in which 

 the moth has hibernated must be collected year after year. Swellings 

 of the buds of Abies arizonica are not due to mites, as has been stated, 

 but to infestation by Chennes piceae, Ratz. Such swellings are also 

 found in Abies pectinaia, A. concolor, A. nobilis f. glauca, A. sibirica and 

 A. fraseri. The spring generation may be checked by painting the 

 bark with a wash, 



EscHERiCH (K.). Hopfenschadlinge. [Hop Pests.] — Zeitschr. f. 

 angew. Entomologie, Berlin, iii, 1916, pp. 311-313. (Abstract in 

 Zeitschr. f. PJlanzenkrankh., Stuttgart, xxviii, no. 3-4, 1st June 

 1918, p. 162.) 



The hop aphis, Phorodon humuli, Schrk., was abundant in 1916 in 

 the Upper Bavarian hop district, the leaves everywhere showing 

 the characteristic deformation. Natural enemies were present in 

 large numbers, including Coccinella bipunctata, C. quinquepunctata,, 

 Syrphid larvae and Forficula spp. Spraying was effected with a 1-2 

 per cent, soap solution to which a small quantity of either petroleum, 

 tobacco extract or barium chloride had been added. Flea-beetle 

 injury was also widespread, and was more marked where hop-poles 

 were still used. A still more important factor is the date of planting. 

 If this is carried out early in the spring the injury is lessened. 



Zacher (F.). Neue und wenig bekannte Pflanzenschadlinge aus 

 unseren Kolonien. [New and little known Plant Pests from our 

 Colonies.] — Zeitschr. f. angeiv. Entomologie, Berlin, iii, 1916, 

 pp. 418-425. (Abstract in Zeitschr. f. PJlanzenkrankh., Stuttgart, 

 xxviii, no. 3-4, 1st June 1918, pp. 163-164.) 



A new Psyllid, Trioza bussei, is recorded as forming galls on Kicksia 

 in a rubber plantation in Kamerun. Orthopterous pests of tobacco 



