166 



insects, disappears during the winter months when the bugs are most 

 destructive. 



Clean cultivation, a system of crop rotation and the growing of all 

 plants in rows render subsequent treatments more easy and effective. 

 Young cabbage and cauliflower plants should be protected by covering 

 them with cheesecloth until they are planted out, and after becoming 

 estabhshed, they should be sprayed vnth. either crude carbolic acid 

 emulsion in the proportion of 1 part to 15 parts water, resin wash or 

 the preparation known as KatakiUa. Turnip plants can be sprayed 

 with crude carbolic acid emulsion 1 part to 20 parts water, with tobacco 

 extract (non-arsenical) in the proportion of one part to 16 of water with 

 the addition of 1 lb. soap, with resin wash or with Katakilla. Cruci- 

 ferous plants should not be sprayed with miscible oils as they are 

 hable to be severely injured. If the soil is kept in a moist condition 

 and the lumps broken up oviposition is to a large extent checked. 

 All cabbage stumps and remains of cruciferous plants should be 

 collected and destroyed. Fowls, when allowed to run in infested 

 fields, greatly assist in destroying the insect. 



LoxmsBURY (C. P.). European Foul Brood. — Union S. Africa Dept. 

 Agric, Pretoria, Bull. no. 10, 26th August 1918, 20 pp., 7 figs. 

 [Received 6th February 1919.] 



European foul brood was found to exist in certain districts of the 

 Union of South Africa in 1917, the disease apparently being of some 

 years' standing. The present bulletin has been compiled to acquaint 

 the South African public with the nature of this disease in bees and 

 to' explain the methods for its control. 



GuNN (D.). The White-lined Grape-vine Sphinx Moth {Hippotion 

 celerio). — Union of S. Africa Dept. Agric, Pretoria, Bull. no. 11, 

 17th September 1918, 6 pp., 4 figs. [Received 6th February 1919.] 



The principal food-plant of Hipjjotion celerio is the cultivated grape- 

 vine, especially those varieties with tender foliage, though it has been 

 found feeding upon the foliage of Acacia caffra and A. karroo, these 

 being, undoubtedly, two of its native food-plants. It also attacks 

 tobacco and sweet potato foUage, as well as that of Ampelopsis veitchi 

 and A. quinquefolia. 



The eggs are deposited singly, either on the upper or lower surface 

 of a leaf, never more than 3 being foimd on a single leaf. The 

 incubation period lasts for from 6 to 9 days, and after a larval period 

 of about 5 weeks pupation takes place just below the surface of the 

 groimd. The pupal period varies from 19 days to more than 6 months 

 in the case of the over- wintering generation. The adults of the first 

 generation usually emerge in the spring and there are 4 annual 

 generations. 



No parasitic enemies have been reared and the only insect observed 

 to prey on the caterpillars is a large green Mantid, Sphodromantis 

 gastrica. Control is best effected by hand-picking or by spraying 

 the vines as soon as injury is noticed with lead arsenate in the form 

 of paste, 3 lb., or powder l|lb. to 50 gals, water. When injury to 

 the same vines has occurred in successive years the soil should be 

 cultivated during the winter months to destroy the pupae. 



