]73 



respects the work of red-bugs. The pecuhar festering noted in the 

 wounds made by feeding red-bugs and their subsequent development 

 are so characteristic that it seems very probable that some secretion 

 of the insects is an important causative factor. 



Spraying begun on 30th April, when the buds were just showing 

 pink, with the usual lead arsenate and hme-sulphnr 1 to 40, to which 

 had been added 1 quart Blackleaf 40 to each 200 gal. tank, 

 resulted in the nymphs being killed with ease, direct contact with the 

 spray not being necessary since they were overcome by the fumes. 

 A similar spray in which the Blackleaf 40 was reduced to f quart 

 was equally effective if the spraying w^as thoroughly done. No further 

 apphcation was necessary, and it is evident that where the pest is 

 thoroughly ehminated by spraying further remedial measures will not 

 be needed for at least three years. 



Hawley (I. M.). Insects Injurious to the Hop In New York, with 

 Special Reference to the Hop Grub and the Hop Redbug. — Cornell 

 Univ. Agric. Ex])t.Sta., Ithaca, N.Y., Memoir 15, November 1918, 

 pp. 147-224, 60 figs. [Received 10th February 1919.] 



The Noctuid, Gortyna immanis, Gn. (hop borer), is a native 

 North American insect and is especially abundant in the Eastern 

 States and in Canada where hops are grown, being able, so far as is 

 known, to reach maturity only on that plant, though young larvae 

 have been found attacking maize and grass. Newly hatched larvae 

 may crawl long distances and enter any part of the plant that is tender 

 enough for them to break through, the bud-Uke tip of the head of the 

 hop forming a place for easy entrance. Injury results in the killing of 

 the gromng point and consequent stunted growth of the head, the 

 damage however being relatively small. Most of the larvae, after 

 worldng in the tip for 1 or 2 weeks, drop to the ground and join those 

 attacking the vines. 



Most of the eggs, which are laid on grass, hatch at a time when the 

 vines are short and tender and the young larvae usually enter the 

 stem near the surface of the ground and burrow in the pithy centre 

 until further growth necessitates their eating their way out of the stem. 

 After leaving it, the caterpillar either eats its way into a bed-root, or 

 feeds on the outside of the vine between the bed-root and the surface 

 of the ground. The resulting injuries prevent the return flow of sap 

 to the roots, which become weakened and readily succumb to winter 

 frosts. Many caterpillars are already external feeders or in the bed- 

 root by the end of the first week in June, damage inside the vines 

 being completed by the end of the second week, though that in the 

 roots continues from the middle of July to the middle of August. In 

 July or the first part of August the larva pupates, and the moth 

 emerges at the end of August or early in September, depositing eggs 

 that hibernate on grass and hatch from the last week in April to 

 the last of May. The egg-stage occupies about 8 months, the larval 

 9-12 weeks, and the pupal 4-6 weeks. 



An important natural predatory enemy of the larvae, and probably 

 of the pupae, is the skunk, which does not, however, reduce the injury 

 of the year, for by the time it becomes active the larvae are full-grown 

 and the damage is done. Both the larva and the adult of the Carabid 



