174 



beetle, Calosoma calidwn, F., are active in attacking the larvae of 

 G. immanis, wliile other Carabids known to be predaceous on them 

 are : — Harpahs ])emisylvanicus, Dej., Pterostichus lucublandus, Say, 

 P. stygicus, Say, and Amara impundicoUis, Say. The Braconid, 

 MicropUtis gortynae, Riley, is a common parasite of the larva of 

 G. imynanis. Other parasites are Aenoplex sp., a Chalcid, Synaldis 

 sp., and the Tachinids, Fronfdna frenchi, Will; and Masicera fnyoidea, 

 Des. 



Cultural methods of control consist in removing all extra vines 

 before 1st June to some distance from the yard ; hilling the hops, 

 so as to give the extra rootlets an opportunity to grow ; practising 

 clean cultivation by removing all grass ; keeping a ploughed border 

 several yards wide round the field ; using para-dichlorobenzene as 

 an insecticide by placing a few crystals in each hill and covering with 

 about two inches of soil, the apphcation to be made about the third 

 week in May. 



The new pest of the hop vine, Paracalocoris hawleyi, Knight, has 

 already been dealt with [see this Review, Ser. A, vi, p. 109]. 



An old, but little known pest, Hypena Twmuli, Harr. (hop snout- 

 moth), is widely distributed, occurring in most parts of the United 

 States and southern Canada and feeding, so far as is known, only on 

 the hop. The eggs of the first brood are deposited among the hairs on 

 the under-side of the leaf during May, when the hops are only a few 

 feet above ground. These eggs, which are laid by overwintering females, 

 may not hatch for H weeks, but the exact length of the egg-stage is 

 unknown. Eggs of the second brood are also deposited on leaves, 

 having been found from 28th July to 11th August. The larvae, 

 which are full grown by 1st July, eat out a clean-cut hole either on the 

 margin or in the central part of the leaf, the larval stage lasting about 

 one month. The pupal stage covers about 13 days, the pupae having 

 been found on the surface or just beneath the upper layer of soil, or 

 on hop-poles or dead vii^.es. Adults emerge about the middle of July, 

 eggs of the second brood being laid in from 1 to 2 weeks and hatching 

 in the first week in August. The second-brood lar^^ae pupate early in 

 September, the hibernating adults issuing during the latter half 

 of September. 



Predaceous natural enemies of the caterpillars of H. livimili are 

 the nymphs of Paracalocoris hawleyi and adults of Beduviohis 

 svbcoleoptrat'KS, Kirby. Parasites include the Tachinids, Masicera 

 rutila, Meig., M. eafitchiae, Towns., and Exorisfa hypenae. If spraying 

 is practised for the hop aphis {Phorodon hnmuli), the addition of 

 lead arsenate to the nicotine sulphate spray should prove a satisfactory 

 remedial measure against this moth, and it has been reported that 

 powdered lead arsenate mixed with the sulphur used for the hop 

 mildew, in a ratio of 1 to 10, has been found effective. 



The Geometrid, Nematocampa limhata, How., a new leaf-eating pest 

 of the hop, has been found in large numbers in one locality in New 

 York State. It is a general feeder, having been reported from currant, 

 birch, stonecrop, plum, apple, oak, hazel and strawberry. The 

 eggs, which are laid on hop-poles in the latter part of August, hatch 

 at the end of the following June. The pupal stage, lasting two weeks, 

 is entered at the end of July and the adults appear about the middle 

 of August, beginning to oviposit in about a week. There is one 



