176 



are necessary, tlie first being the codling-moth spray, and a second, 

 6 or 10 days later, the latter beiag the most important. The third 

 spray should be applied 2 weeks later if the injury ia former years 

 has been great, Enarmonia prunivora (lesser apple worm) damages 

 apples by eating out a small hole at the calyx end. Scurfy scale 

 [Chionaspis furfura] affecting mountain ash, flowering quince, apple 

 and pear trees may be exterminated by the use of a dormant spray of 

 lime- sulphur, 1 part to 10 parts of water. 

 A spray calendar for apple trees concludes this paper. 



Philbrook (E. E.). Report of Special Field Agent, Gypsy Moth Work. 

 — 16th Ann. Rept. Commissioner Agric. State of Maine, 1917 \ 

 Waterville. 1918, pp. 57-61, 3 plates. [Received 10th February 

 1919.] 



The collection and destruction of the egg-clusters of the gipsy moth 

 [Porthetria dispar] was begun on 1st April, and continued till the eggs 

 hatched, 1,675,780 egg-clusters being destroyed, and 500 gals, creosote 

 being used in painting the clusters. Spraying was then begun and 

 continued till the middle of August with excellent results, 6 tons of 

 lead arsenate being used. As soon as the brown-tail moth [Nygmia 

 phaeorrhoea] had pupated, the application of bands of burlap was 

 begun, 97,000 trees being treated, resulting in the destruction of 

 988,000 caterpillars. Winter scouting was begun on 10th October, 

 to be continued until the eggs hatch in the spring. 



Infestation by the brown-tail moth is less severe than has been the 

 case for several years, there having been a great reduction of winter 

 webs, and if natural enemies continue their effective control, the insect 

 should be held in check with small expense. The area at present 

 infested amounts to 16,708 square miles. 



The gipsy moth infestations have been reduced during the past 

 year, though the infested territory, extending to 7,614 square miles, 

 remains about the same, 



Brittain (W. H.) & Saunders (L. G.). Empoasca unicolor as 

 an Apple Pest.— Proc. Eniom. Soc. Nova Scotia for 1917, Truro, 

 no. 3, January 1918, pp. 69-73, 1 plate. [Received 11th February 

 1919.] 



Empoa rosae, L. was abundant upon apple foliage in 1915 and 1916. 

 This proved to be the most common leaf-hopper infesting apples in 

 Nova Scotia, and accompanying it, though generally in smaller 

 numbers, was another species, Empoasca vnicolor, GiU. The resultant 

 mottling of the leaves is very similar for the two species. A description 

 of all stages of the latter insect is given. The eggs of E. rosae begin 

 to hatch soon after growth starts in the spring, but these have already 

 developed to the 4tb and 5th instar before the nymphs of Etnjwasca 

 unicolor begin to appear. The nymphal stage apparently lasts about 

 six weeks ; adults then appear and, after pairing, eggs are laid beneath 

 the bark of the twigs. There is only one generation in a season. 

 Details of the life-history are shown in a table. If the insect is 

 present in such numbers as to require special treatment, a spray of 

 nicotine sulphate or fish -oil soap should be used ; it was also noticed 

 that a finely powdered tobacco dust destroyed numbers of the nymphs. 



