194 



A. L. Trattamento d'lnverno contro la Cochylis. [Winter Treatment 

 against Clysia ambiguella.] — Riv. Agric. Parma, xxv, no. 7, 14th 

 February 1919, pp. 48-49. 



This paper does not contain any new information, but gives a clear 

 description of the various remedial measures applicable in winter, 

 which is the best time for combating this vine-moth. 



Imms (A. D.). Observations on the Insect Parasites of some Coccidae. 

 II. On Chalcid Parasites of Lecanium capreae. — Quart. Jl. Micros. 

 Sci., London, Ixiii, no. 3, December 1918, pp. 293-374, 34 figs. 

 [Received 27th February 1919.] 



In the first paper of this series an account was given of Aphelinus 

 mytilaspidis, Le B., the chief parasite of Lepidosaphes ulmi [see this 

 Revieiv, Ser. A, iv, p. 241]. The present contribution deals with 

 Eulecanium (Lecanium) capreae and its two abundant Chalcid 

 parasites, Blastolhrix britannica, Gir., and Aphycus melanostomatus, 

 Timb. The host-scale is abundant and generally distributed 

 throughout England, locally in Scotland and Wales, and is plentiful 

 on the Continent of Europe and in North America, its principal food- 

 plant being the hawthorn [Crataegus oxyacantha). The life-history is 

 given in detail. Hatching from the eggs begins at the end of June, 

 and the larvae feed upon the under-side of the leaves near the midrib. 

 Shortly before the leaves drop the larvae migrate to the twigs, 

 generally in the axils of buds or the bases of thorns. Very little 

 growth occurs during the winter, but after fertilisation the females 

 grow much more rapidly and mature about the end of May, having 

 then a round, berry-like appearance. Each female lays between one 

 and two thousand eggs, and then lapidly declines in vigour and dies. 

 Parasites of E. capreae, previously recorded, include Eunotus cretaceus, 

 W\k., Eucomys obscura, Dalm., E. scutellata, Swed., Aphycus 

 punctipes^ Dalm., Blaslothrix sericea, Dalm., B. schonherri, Westw., 

 Microterys chalcostonius, Dalm., and M. sylvius, Dalm. 



Full accounts are given of the two parasites dealt with in this 

 paper. Descriptions are given of each species, and their systematic 

 positions, habits and distribution are discussed. Blastothrix britannica 

 has two generations in a year, males and females occurring in 

 approximately equal numbers. The first generation, derived from 

 hibernated larvae, emerge in May and early June. One, or several eggs 

 are deposited in the mature host. The newly-hatched larva remains for 

 a time attached to the chorion of the egg, and then lies free in the body- 

 cavity of the Coccid. Pupation occurs within the host in June, as 

 many as 42 pupae being found within a single scale. The adults of 

 the second geneiation emerge during July, and oviposit in the young 

 larvae of the host. The larvae hatching from these eggs pass the ' 

 winter within the host and pupate about April. 



A. melanostomatus also has two generations and the stages of the life- 

 history are almost contemporaneous with those of the preceding 

 species. Males are, however, in the proportion of about 1:3. A 

 partial third generation of adults has been observed in the case of this 

 species. 



The results of the first generation of parasitism in the case of both 

 Chalcids are practically negligible, and egg-production by the host 



