209 



J. F. Insects and Fungi on Grass LB,nd.— Gardeners' Chronicle, London, 

 Ixv, no. 1680, 8th March 1919, p. 114. 



On a piece of grass land broken up for cultivation in 1918, the local 

 insect pests were Amphimallus (Rhizotrogus) solstitialis, Melolontha 

 melolontha {vulgaris), Tipula (leather- jacket), Feltia {Agrotis) exchma- 

 tionis and Euxoa {A.) segetum, the last two cutworms being most 

 destructive to cabbage, parsley and potatoes. Some other insects 

 were present, but they disappeared with the destruction of their food 

 or shelter and were not injurious to the vegetables. 



Imported pests, or those that invaded the new feeding ground were : 

 Phorbia {Antlioynyia) brassicae (cabbage fly) imported on seedling 

 cabbages ; Pegomyia hyoscyami {A. betae) on beet, Hylemyia antiqua^ 

 {A. ceparum) on onions, and A. radicum on radishes ; Acidia heraclei 

 (celery fly) on parsnips ; Psila rosae (carrot fly) and Ceuthorrhynchus 

 sulcicollis (cabbage gall weevil) ; Orgyia antiqica (vapourer moth) on 

 plane trees ; Aphis rmnicis (black aphis) on broad beans and Brevi- 

 coryne (A.) brassicae (cabbage aphis) more or less destructive to 

 cabbages ; and Depressaria discipunctella {pastinacella) injuring 

 parsnip leaves. 



Ashley (K.)- The Frog-hopper or Cuckoo-spit. — Gardeners* Chronicle, 

 London, Ixv, no. 1681, 15th March 1919, p. 122, 1 fig. 



The frog-hopper (Aphrophora) causes serious damage to roses during 

 June and July, weakening the young shoots and buds by extracting 

 the sap. Strong tobacco water with a little soft-soap added is con- 

 sidered one of the best remedies for this pest, but great care must 

 be taken in using the soap to prevent scorching of the f oUage. Tobacco 

 water without soap made by boiling 4 oz. shag tobacco in 1 gal. water 

 gives good results if the affected shoots are bent over and washed 

 clean in it, an operation than can be effected by having the tobacco 

 water in a tin can with a handle over it slung on the wrist, so as to 

 leave both hands free. The most careful attention, constantly exer- 

 cised, is necessary to effect control of this pest. 



Aull6 (M.). Resena de los Trabajos verificados por la Comisidn de la 

 Fauna forestal espanola durante el Ano de 1916. [A Review of 

 the Work of the Spanish Forestal Fauna Commission during 1916.] 

 — Bol. Soc. Entom. Espana, Saragossa, ii, nos. 1 & 2, January- 

 February 1919, pp. 19-28 & 46-47. 



Further investigations on Dendrolimus pini, L. [see this Review 

 Ser. A, vii, p. 89] are described. There are two generations of this 

 moth, the adults of the second appearing in September. Hibernation 

 in Spain occurs not on the ground as in other countries, but on the pine 

 trunks, and is not passed in complete inaction, the larvae appearing 

 active on warm days. This is probably accounted for by the warm 

 climate. Natural enemies, although not sufficiently numerous to 

 afford an effective control, exercise a certain check on the numbers 

 of D. pini. 



The sawfly, Lophyrus rufus, Retz., was observed in the larval stage 

 on young pines. The caterpillars of the moth, Hyloicus (Sphinx) 

 pinastri, L., also occurred on pines until November or early December, 



