242 



ToTHiLL (J. D.)- Some Notes on the Natural Control of the Oyster- 

 shell Scale {Lepidosaphes ulmi, L.). — Bull. Entom. Research, 

 London, ix, no. 3, March 1919, pp. 183-196, 7 figs. 



The eggs of this scale are free from parasites ; birds devour theni, 

 but not in sufficient numbers to be of any use as a factor in control. 

 By far the most important factor is a mite, Hemisarcoptes mains, 

 Shimer, which in Canada, as in Iowa and in France, is able to hibernate 

 in all stages. In some districts the scale has been practically exter- 

 minated owing to the action of this mite. 



In the postembryonic stage of L. vlmi a great many of the insects 

 are washed off by the rain and perish on the ground. Overcrowding 

 has also been known to be the cause of the death of nearly all the 

 females before oviposition. 



The Hymenopterous parasites of this scale in North America are : 

 Chalcis (Aphelinus) mytilas'pidis, Le B., Aspidiotiphagtis citrintis. 

 Craw, Aphelinus fuscipennis. How., A. abnormis, How., Anaphes 

 gracilis. How., and Chiloneums diaspidinarvyn, How., the first of these 

 being the most important. 



In addition to H. nuilxs another mite, Monieziella augusta, Banks, 

 is a scavenger on the bodies of the females and the eggs already 

 partly eaten by H. malus. Mites associated \\ ith this scale, but not 

 known to feed upon it, are, Tijdeus gloveri, Ashm. (which is probably 

 the species identified by Ewing and Webster as T. coccophagiis), 

 Gamasus sp., Bdella hrevilarsis, Banks, and Galumna sp. 



Brain (C. K.). The Coccidae of South Africa— iii. — Bull. Entom. 

 Research, London, ix, no. 3, March 1919, pp. 197-239. 



This further instalment [see this Review, Ser. A, iv, p. 134, vii, 

 p. 138], deals with the genera Cryptaspidiotus, Chrysomphalus, Pseuda- 

 onidifx, Parlatoria, Aonidia, Gymnaspis, Hoivardia, Fiorinia, Diaspis 

 (with its sub-genera, Aidacaspis and Epidiaspis) and Chionaspis. It 

 also includes a key to the South African species of Chrysomphalus and 

 Pseuduonidia and to the subgenera of Chionaspis, viz. : — Chionaspis 

 8. str., Pinnaspis, Phenacaspis, Poliaspis and Dinaspis. 



The new species described are : — Chrysomphalus (Pseudischnaspis) 

 corticosus on wild olive, Yirgilia capensis, Erythrina caffra, apple, 

 hawthorn, kei-apple, lilac, Celastrus s^^. , olive, pear, poplar, plane, privet, 

 pepper {Schinus molle), Rohinia sp., rose, peach, plum and walnut; 

 Pseudaonidia laciniae on ? Acacia 7nelanoxylcn : P. lycii on Lyciunt 

 afrum ; P. nigra ; Aonidia chaetachmeae on Chaetachme aristata ; 

 A. rhusae on Rhus sp. ; A. inesemhryanthemae on Mesembryanthemum 

 edide ; A. marginalis, A. badia, Gymnaspis favrei and Diaspis rhusa^i 

 all on Rhus sp. ; Diaspis (Epidiaspis) conspicua on privet, acacia, 

 and Gardenia fortunei ; Chionaspis margaritae and C. humilis 

 on aloe ; C. capparisi on Capparis albitrunca ; C. euphorbiae on 

 Euphorbia ; C. chaetachmae on Chaetachme aristata ; C. (Phenacaspis) 

 visci on mistletoe ; C. globosus on Euphorbia ; and C. {Poliaspi^^ 

 kiggelariae on wild peach [Kiggelaria africana) and willow. * 



