305 



Brittain (W. H.) & Payne (H. G.). Some Notes on Olene vagans, B. 

 & McD., in Nova Scotia. — Proc. Entom. Soc. Nova Scotia for 

 1918, Truro, February 1919, pp. 62-68, 1 plate. [Received 21st 

 May 1919.] 



In June 1917, a number of caterpillars of the genus Olene were 

 collected beneath tanglefoot bands in orchards and were reared to 

 maturity. Dr. J. McDunnough, to whom larvae and adult moths 

 were sent for identification, believes them to be 0. vagans. The 

 caterpillars were found only on apple in Nova Scotia, though they 

 have previously been recorded on beech and poplar. Particulars 

 of the life -history are shown in a table and the various stages are 

 described. The only parasite discovered during these laboratory 

 investigations was Tachina meUa, Wlk, It is thought that further 

 observations in the field will reveal other natural enemies, especially 

 as the scarcity of the moths indicates the probability of their being 

 held in check by parasitic or predaceous foes. 



Sanders (G. E.) & Kelsall (A.). Some Miscellaneous Observations 

 on the Origin and Present Use of some Insecticides and Fungicides. 



—Proc. Entom. Sue. Nova Scotia for WIS, Truro, February 1919, 

 pp. 69-75. [Received 21st May 1919.] 



The chief insecticides and fungicides at present in use are dealt 

 with in this paper, namely, Paris green, lead arsenate, calcium arsenate 

 sodium arsenate, sodium arsenite, white arsenic, Bordeaux mixture- 

 lime-sulphur and sodium sulphide. The history of their adoption 

 in entomological work and the characteristic advantages of each are 

 discussed. It is remarked that in Nova Scotia calcium arsenate is 

 probably used proportionately more than in any other place. In 

 orchards it is being used with Bordeaux mixture and sulphide sprays 

 almost to the exclusion of other insecticides, and to some extent also 

 on potatoes. Paris green has been largely replaced by cheaper or safer 

 arsenicals. Lead arsenate is used for cankerworms and for sporadic 

 outbreaks of such insects as the tussock caterpillar [Hemerocampa]. 

 Sodium arsenate is but little used, being no cheaper than the calcium 

 arsenate which is preferred. White arsenic is scarcely used at all, 

 though it may possibly prove of value in a modified Bordeaux mixture. 

 The latter is used with equal parts of copper sulphate and lime on 

 potatoes. For apples, a mixture of three to five times as much lime 

 as copper sulphate is in general use in orchards. This controls fungi 

 w^ell, and is the least injurious mixture for apple foliage. Lime- 

 sulphur, which is used as a dormant spray wherever San Jose scale 

 [Aspidiotus perniciosus] is prevalent, was largely used for some years 

 in Nova Scotia as a light summer spray, but when the coarser driving 

 sprays became general, it was found to cause considerable leaf injury 

 when applied in that form, and is now being rapidly replaced by 

 Bordeaux mixture containing lime in excess. Sodium sulphide is 

 more u&ed in Nova Scotia as a summer spray than in most orchard 

 districts. It is found to produce less injury, and almost the same 

 fungus control, as lime-sulphur, and is becoming increasingly used as 

 the spray immediately following the blossoms, replacing for this 

 particular spray the excess lime Bordeaux mixture. 



