309 



oviposits in the young nut?, in most localities in May, and crawls 

 along the shoots to do this. A good dressing of soot and lime applied 

 to the soil before the female climbs the tree acts as a deterrent. The 

 eggs hatch in about a fortnight, and the larvae feed on the young nut, 

 but without destroying its vitality until they are fully grown. The 

 larva eats its way out of the nut at the end of the season. The most 

 effective measure consists in shaking the trees well in August, when 

 the fallen infested nuts should be gathered and burnt. If this pre- 

 caution is carried out each season, the trees will soon be rid of the pest. 



Rao (Y. R.). Notes on some South Indian Cecidomyiids causing Galls 

 in Grasses. — Jl. & Proc. Asiatic Soc. Bengal, Calcutta, xiii, no. 5, 

 December 1917, pp. 299-306, 1 plate. [Received 26th May 1919.] 



Rice is subject to a disease known as " Silver- shoots," which is 

 characterised by the development of a long hollow shoot instead of the 

 normal ear-head. This is caused by a Cecidomyid, Pachydiplosis 

 oryzae, which oviposits on the plant, the larvae causing the formation 

 of the tube-like gall inside which they pupate. The pupal stage lasts 

 about six days, and the adult flies emerge through a hole bored at 

 the tip. Galls have been examined and flies reared from the following 

 grasses in the attempt to find the wild food-plant of P. oryzae : — 

 Panicum fluitans, P. punctatum, P. stagninum, Ischaemum ciliare, 

 J. pihsum, Andropogon annulatus. The flies bred out, except in the 

 case of P. stagninum., however proved to be distinct species, each 

 restricted to a single grass. 



Numerous parasites attack these gall-insects and fall into two 

 groups, Chalcids that oviposit on or near the larvae of the host, and 

 Proctotrupids, that hunt for and oviposit in the eggs of the host, 

 e.g., Platyogaster oryzae. 



Sanders (G. E.) & Dustan (A. G.). The Apple Bud Moths and their 

 Control in Nova Scotia. — Canada Dept. Agric. Entom. Branch, 

 Ottawa, Bull. no. 16 (Technical Edition), 1st March 1919, 39 pp., 

 14 figs. 



The specif s of bud -moth destructive to the apple that have been 

 found in Nova Scotia are Eucosma {Tmetocera) ocellana, Schiff. (eye- 

 spotted bud moth), the most important from an economic standpoint 

 [see this Review, Ser. A, iii, p. 258, etc.] ; Tortrix {Cacoecia) rosacmna, 

 Harr. (oblique-banded leaf roller), which has a large number of native 

 food-plants but does a small amount of injury to apple tiees almost 

 every year ; Recurvaria nanella, Hb. (lesser bud -moth), of European 

 origin and of comparatively recent introduction into North America ; 

 Argyroploce consanguinana, Wlsm. (green bud-w^orm), only regarded 

 as of economic importance since 1913. All four species fly 

 during June and July and oviposit on the leaves of apple, their 

 life-histories and the injuries inflicted by them being similar. They 

 hibernate as partly grown larvae under bark or in crevices about the 

 fruit spurs. In the spring the larvae emerge and eat into the opening 

 buds, thus affecting the set of the fruit. 



