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Sanders (G. E.) & Dustan (A. G.). The Fruit Worms of the Apple 

 in Nova Scotia. — Canada Dept. Agric. Entom. Brarich, Ottawa, 

 Bull. no. 17 (Technical Edition), 1st March 1919, 28 pp., 9 figs. 



The species of fruit -worms attacking the apple in Nova Scotia and 

 dealt with in this bulletin are: — Graptolitha bethunei, G. & R., 

 G. laficinerea, Grt., G. antennata, Wlk., G. georgii, Grt., G. baileyi, Grt., 

 Conistra walkeri, Grt., Xylina niipera, Lint., X. cineritia, Grt., and 

 X. curvimacula, Morr. [see also this Review, Ser. A, iv-, pp. 120, 371], 



Control measures against these moths by thorough cultivation 

 during July and August, though recommended by several writers, . 

 has never been proved to be of value in destroying the pupae. In 

 spraying, since the effect is largely mechanical, the pre-blossom spray 

 should be applied at a high velocity in serious outbreaks, and as 

 near the lime of blossoming as possible. Drenching sprays should 

 not be applied immediately before and after blossoming on account of 

 mechanical injury to the blossoms. Efficient control may be exercised 

 by the application of two sprays, the pre-blossom and another im- 

 mediately after the blossoms fall, which in severe outbreaks may have 

 to be a drenching or driving spray. For this latter the best combination 

 is : — lead arsenate, 10 to 15 lb. to 100 gals, water, to which 10 lb. 

 hydrated or water-slaked lime is added to prevent yellowing of the 

 foliage. 



Meteorus communis, Cr., has been bred from the larva of Graptolitha 

 bethunei and Tricliogramma (Pentarthron) minutum from the egg, but the 

 latter parasite is never abundant enough to effect control. 



Paerott (P. J.). The Spray Gun: Its Use and Abuse. — Canadian 

 Horticulturist, Toronto, xlii, no. 5, May 1919, p. 136. 



Attention is drawn to the fact that though the introduction of the 

 spray-gun has marked an epoch in the development of spraying and 

 is an undoubted economy in time, labour and materials, a tendency is 

 shown to exaggerate its importance and to undervalue the teaching 

 of long-established spraying practices. In particular, the question 

 of safety to fruit and foliage should be considered. The volume of 

 liquid discharged from a spray-gun under high pressure is large and 

 it is an easy matter to over- spray certain portions of a tree. Care 

 should be taken to direct the spray as a fine mist and from all angles. 

 Spraying should be done on days when the material will dry quickly 

 on the foliage and the approved spraying schedule should be followed. 

 Applications of lime-sulphur and lead arsenate should not be made 

 during periods of high temperature. 



SwEZEY (0. H.). Notes on the Chinese Dryinid Parasite of the Sugar- 

 cane Leafhopper. — Hawaiian Planters Record [sine locol, xx, no. 

 4, April 1919, pp. 239-242, 3 figs. 



Pseudogonatopushospes, the large black Dryinid parasite of the sugar- 

 cane leaf-hopper [Perkinsiella saccharicida^ was discovered in Canton, 

 China, in 1906. Colonies were liberated in Hawaii in 1907, but it was not 

 till 1916 that any of them were seen, being so scarce in the meantime 



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