362 



Paraphelinus speciosissimus, Girault, belongs to this genus, and is 

 probably the same species. Agonioneurus locustarum, Giraud, is 

 a synonym of C. nmoena. Paraphelinus, Perkins, thus becomes a 

 synonym of Centrodora, Forster. C. speciosissimus has been found 

 parasitic in the puparia of Mayetiola destructor, Say, and in the eggs of 

 Xiphidium sp. 



Tumidiscapus orthopferae, sp. n., which is here described, has been 

 reared from eggs of an Orthopteron, deposited in the stems of a grass,' 

 Andropogon glomeratus. 



GossARD (H. A.). Preparing for Apple Aphid Outbreak.— Mf/i^y. Bull 

 Ohio Agric. Expt. Sta., Wooster, iv, no. 3, March 1919, pp. 89-91, 

 Ifig. [Received 24th June, 1919 ] 



Owing to the increased numbers of Aphid eggs, chiefly of Siphona- 

 phis padi {Aphis avenae) (European grain aphis) noticed in orchards, 

 timely spraying is suggested. For this purpose various sprays have 

 been tried. Lime-sulphur solution (33° Be.), diluted 1 to 8 or 1 to 9, 

 killed from 85 to 100 per cent, of the living eggs ; lime-sulphur, 1 to 8, 

 plus Blackleaf 40, 1-500, killed 97 per cent. Blackleaf 40 diluted 

 with water, 1-500, plus laundry soap 2 lb. to 50 U.S. gals., killed 45 

 per cent. ; when Fels Naptha was substituted for laundry soap only 

 5 to 33 per cent, were killed. Scalecide diluted with 15 parts of water 

 killed 25-65 per cent. Crude carbolic acid, 2 per cent, solution, plus 

 2 lb. of soap to 50 U.S. gals, of water, killed from 93 to 100 per cent, 

 without injuring the trees. Sodium hydroxide 2 pints in 98 c.c. of 

 water {^sicl kUled 85 to 95 per cent. The efTect on young Aphids is the 

 same as on the eggs. The best time for spraying is when the buds begin 

 to swell and the first young Aphids are seen. Should the presence of 

 Aphids coincide with that of codling moth larvae [Cydia pomonella^ 

 the trees may be sprayed as soon as the petals fall with 1 U.S. gal. 

 lime-sulp^hur solution to 40 U.S. gals, water and 2| lb. of arsenate of 

 lead paste or 1\ lb. of powder plus \ pint of nicotine sulphate solution 

 (40 per cent.). The spraying should be repeated in 8-10 days. 



Abbott (W. S.). A Study of the Effect of Storage, Heat, and Moisture 

 on Pyrethrum. — V.S. Dept. Agric. Washington, B.C., Bull. no. 

 771, 21st February 1919, 6 pp. [Received 21th June 1919.] 



Various experiments made with whole and ground flower-heads of 

 pvrethrum to test its efficacy as an insecticide after exposure to 

 moisture, heat and weather are described. Two methods of testing 

 were used. For the dusting method, small potted nasturtium plants 

 infested with Ap)his rumicis, L., were thoroughly dusted by means 

 of a hand dust-gun. For the dipping tests large specimens of the 

 cockroach, Phyllodromia {Blattelh) germanica, L., were dropped into 

 a vessel, containing the powder, and well shaken. They were then 

 placed in bottles for observation. 



Exposure to the weather for 12 weeks does not noticeably reduce 

 the potency of the ground or whole flower-heads, but after 21 weeks 

 only 60-70 per cent, of the cockroaches were killed in 120 hours. 

 Whole flower-heads may be kept in tightly closed glass containers for 

 f>^ years without losing their efficiency, Mier6as ground flower-heads, 

 become useless after that lapse of time, but are practically unaffected 



