377 



used about the apiary, and winds need not be feared as means by 

 which the disease is spread. (16) Hives which have housed infected 

 colonies need not be disinfected and combs from such colonies are 

 not a Hkely means for the transmission of the disease. (17) Bees dead 

 of the disease about the apiary are not likely to cause infection unless 

 they serve to contaminate the water supply. (18) Nosema apis sus- 

 pended in water is destroyed by heating for 10 minutes at about 

 136° F. (58° C). (19) Suspended in honey, Nosema apis is destroyed 

 by heating at about 138° F. (59° C). (20) Nosema apis, drying at 

 room and outdoor temperatures, respectively, remained virulent for 

 about 2 months, at incubator temperature about 3 weeks, and in a 

 refrigerator about 7| months. (21) Nosema apis was destroyed in 

 the presence of fermentative processes in a 20 per cent, honey solution 

 in 3 days at incubator temperature and in 9 days at outdoor tempera- 

 ture. In a 10 per cent, sugar solution it was destroyed in from 7 

 to 11 days at room temperature. (22) Nosema apis resisted putre- 

 factive processes for 5 days at incubator temperature, for 2 weeks 

 at room temperature, and for more than 3 weeks at outdoor tem- 

 perature. (23) Nosema apis when dry was destroyed in from 15 

 to 32 hours by direct exposure to the sun's rays. (24) Nosema apis 

 suspended in water was destroyed by exposure to the sun's rays 

 in from 37 to 51 hours. (25) Nosema apis if suspended in honey and 

 exposed to the sun's rays frequently will be destroyed on account of 

 the temperature of the honey which results from the exposure. 

 (26) Nosema apis remained virulent in honey for from 2 to 4 months 

 at room temperature. (27) Nosema apis in the bodies of dead bees 

 ceased to be virulent in one week at incubator temperature, in 4 

 weeks at room temperature, in 6 weeks at outdoor temperature, and 

 in 4 months in a refrigerator. (28) Nosema apis in the bodies of dead 

 bees lying on the soil ceased to be virulent in from 44 to 71 days. 

 (29) Nosema ajns is readily destroyed by carbolic acid, a 1 per cent, 

 aqueous solution destroying it in less than 10 minutes. (30) The 

 time element which by the experiments is shown to be sufficient 

 for the destruction of Nosema apis should be increased somewhat 

 to insure their destruction in practical apiculture. (31) The prognosis 

 in Nosema-disease varies markedly from excellent, in case of strong 

 colonies with a comparatively small percentage of Nosema-infected 

 bees, to very grave, in case of weak ones with a high percentage of 

 infected bees. (32) From a technical point of view the results here 

 given must be considered as being approximate only. They are, 

 however, in most instances sufficient for practical purposes. 



Craighead (F. C). Protection from the Locust Borer. — U.S. Dept. 

 Agric. Washington, D.C., Bull. no. 787, 9tb June 1919, 12 pp., 3 

 plates. 



Instructions are given for the prevention of attacks on locust 

 trees [Rohinia pseudacacia) by the Longicorn beetle, Cyllene robiniae, 

 Forst. (locust borer). 



Details are also given to aid in the determination of infested trees. 

 As a remedial measure the following spray is advocated : i lb. of 

 either sodium arsenite or sodium arsenate dissolved in 5 U.S. gals, of 

 water, to which 1 U.S. qt. of miscible oil is added, the whole being well 



(C688) B 



