388 



California it is chiefly found on asters and marigolds, but disappears 

 during the hot weather until the autumn. The alate forms are in 

 the majority in January and February, the apterous forms appearing 

 later. 



Cerosipha cupressi was found infesting blue cypress {Cupressus 

 guadalupensis) in April and in August, also Monterey cypress (C macro- 

 carpa). The apterous forms were found singly at the base of terminal 

 leaves. Alate forms could only be obtained by placing branches in 

 closed receptacles, a fact that suggests migration to some other host. 



VAN Hall (C. J. J.). Ziekten en Plagen der Cultuurgewassen in 

 Nederlandsch-Indie in 1918. [Diseases and Pests of Cultivated 

 Plants in the Dutch East Indies in 1918.] — Meded. Laboratorium 

 voor PJantenziekten, Buitenzorg, no. 36, February 1919, 49 pp. 

 [Received 16th June 1919.] 



On the whole, insect injury was not considerable in 1918. As in 

 previous years a Coccinellid, Epilachna sp., sometimes did much damage 

 to potatoes. On the west coast of Sumatra this pest was of less 

 general occurrence at altitudes of and above 6,000 feet. Arachis 

 [hjpogaea] was again attacked in certain localities by a Typhlocybid 

 leaf-hopper and sweet potatoes were infested with a weevil, Cylas 

 tufciqjennis. Teak was damaged by a termite, Calotermes tectonae, 

 and a Cossid borer, Duomitus ceramicus ; the latter was originally 

 called the teak canker caterpillar because the more widely known 

 injury caused by it occurs on small stems and gives rise to a swelling. 

 The mines are also found, however, in thick trunks. The actual 

 boring appears to take place in the cambium and outer sap-wood, 

 and there is a very short gallery in the wood itself. In Java, wood- 

 peckers and a Tachinid fly are the natural enemies of this borer. 



Zeuzem coffeae attacked mahogany, Cedrela sinensis, C. febrifvga, 

 Schleichera trijuga, Phyllanthus e?nblica, Adenanthera microsjjerma, 

 Vitex pubescens and teak. The larva of Z. postexcisa was found in 

 wild trees. An apparently unknown species of Xyleborus was found 

 in teak. The injury done to mahogany by a small species of Xyleborus 

 is becoming serious ; the parts affected are the main root and the lower 

 part of the stem. The chief damage is done in nurseries, but many 

 one-year-old plants also are destroyed. Many complaints were also 

 received about the mahogany twig borer. The ring borer, Phassus 

 damor, which injured cinchona in 1917, has now attacked other plants. 

 Cinnamon was injured by a leaf-mining caterpillar. Leaf caterpillars 

 also attacked Cassia fistula, C. javanica and C. siamea. The cater- 

 pillars of Trabala vishnu and Ophiusa coronata infested Terminalia 

 belerica. A weevil, RhinoscapJia ainicta, destroyed 20 per cent, of 

 the cultivated Cupressus trees in one district by gnawing the bark. 

 Pseudococcus virgatus and other scales were favoured by the dry 

 East Monsoon. 



Cacao was rather severely attacked by the cacao moth [Acrocercops 

 cramerelki], but injury by Helopeltis decreased. Zeuzera coffeae and 

 other borers occurred in cacao. 



Cassava was injured by mites, chiefly in dry districts. During 

 the prolonged dry weather gambir [Uncaria] was severely attacked 

 by plant-bugs and caterpillars. On one estate in West Java Hevea 



