398 



bait-traps are described with some illustrations. The vakie of these 

 various treatments in vineyards of different characters is discussed 

 and the conchision is reached that while each has its own value, 

 insecticide sprays are the most generally applicable and on the whole 

 the most unportant remedial measure against these pests. 



MuiR (F.). Leafhopper Infestation in Plant Cane. — Hawaiian Planters' 

 Record, Honolulu, xx, no. 6, June 1919, pp. 380-381. 

 Attention is drawn to the danger of using seed-cane from fields, 

 or portions of fields, in which leaf-hoppers [Perkinsiella saccJiaricida] 

 are mmaerous. It is evident that seed-cane taken from an average 

 plantation field contains a high percentage of hopper eggs, and such 

 cane is immediately bagged and transported to the new field and the 

 cuttings planted in the same row, or in adjacent rows. Thus seed 

 cane from an infested area would all be planted within a few square 

 yards. Some pieces of infested seed-cane were planted in a glass jar 

 in sand, one inch below the surface, and the sand well watered and 

 pressed down. The young shoots were not more than haK an inch 

 above the surface when young hoppers appeared on them. Soaking 

 the seed-cane in water for 24 hours does not kill the leaf- hopper eggs, 

 and experiments are now in progress to determine how long the 

 eggs can withstand immersion in water without being killed. A 

 ratoon crop generally comes up free from hoppers after the processes 

 of harvesting and burning, and is only infested by immigrant adults ; 

 these facts are considered to account in some degree for the more 

 frequent outbreaks of leaf- hoppers in young plant cane than in a 

 young ratoon crop. 



Caffrey (D. J.) & Barber (G. W.). U.S. Bur. Entom. The Grain 

 Bug. — U.S. Dept. Agric, Washiyigton, DC.., Bull. no. 779, 24:th 

 June 1919, 35 pp., 13 figs. 



Chlorochroa (Pentatoma) sayi, Stal (grain bug) during the past few 

 years has become a serious pest of wheat and other small grain crops 

 of the inter-mountain and south-western States. This is largely due 

 to the cultivation of large areas formerly devoted to grazing, thus 

 causing the insect to change its food-plants from native weeds to 

 succulent crops, which, with better facihties for hibernation, has 

 resulted in a marked increase in the pest. 



The life-history, distribution and all stages of the bug are described. 

 The adults appear during the first warm days of late April or early 

 May and oviposit within a few days on the underside of the rubbish 

 or other material composing the hibernating quarters. The average 

 length of incubation throughout the season is 9 days. The nymphal 

 period covers an average of about 43 days, during which four moults 

 occur. Tables show the duration of the stages at various seasons. 

 The young njrmphs feed and develop on the young shoots of Russian 

 thistle or other early developing plants. Upon reaching maturity, 

 about the last week in June, the adults of the first generation migrate 

 to fields of grain and feed on the tender stems and heads until the grain 

 ripens. It is during this period that most of the economic loss occurs, 

 the hquid contents of the newly-formed heads being extracted, thus 

 preventing formation of the grain or greatly reducing its weight. 

 Wheat, barley and rye are the preferred food-plants among cultivated 



