438 



FuLLAWAY (D. T.). Division of Plant Inspection. — Hawaiian Forester 

 & Agriculturist, Honolulu., xvi, no. 6, June 1919, pp. 157- 

 159. 



Pests intercepted during May 1919 included : From Japan : A 

 caterpillar found on leaves of Cryptomeria ; a Dipterous maggot on 

 leaves of palms ; scale-insects ; and tlie ants, Monomorium pharaonis 

 and Prenolepis longicornis, in soil and packing ; from San Francisco : 

 Bruchids infesting carob beans ; from Manila : Anthribid beetles in 

 yams ; from California : mealy bugs on dahlia bulbs. 



Hakukawa (C.) & Yagi (N.). On the Life-History and JIabits of a 

 Peach Leaf-Miner, Ornix sp. — Berichte Ohara Inst, landwirtschftl. 

 Forschiingen, Kuraschiki, i, no. 3, 1918, pp. 325-333, 1 plate. 

 [Received 21st August 1919.] 



The leaf-miner of the peach dealt with in this paper belongs to the 

 genus Parornix (Ornix) and may possibly become of economic import- 

 ance under conditions favourable to it. Breeding experiments show 

 that there are 4 complete and 1 partial generation in a year. The first 

 covers about 50 days, the third about 26 and the second and fourth 

 about 30 each. The winter generation is the longest, owing to the pupae 

 hibernating and the adults emerging in the spring. The generations 

 overlap, so that individuals of different stages of growth occur together. 

 The adult, egg and larva are described. The adult is rather sluggish, 

 and unless carried by a strong wind migration to another orchard is 

 not probable. 



The eggs are laid singly on the under- side of the leaf, mostly close 

 to the mid-rib. The number of eggs per female varies ; in one case 

 70 eggs were laid, and 58 in another. The egg-stage lasted from 3 

 days to about 2 weeks in the breeding experiments. The newly- 

 hatched larva immediately begins mining the epidermis of the under- 

 side of the leaf at the point where the egg is cemented to it. This 

 blotch-mine cannot at first be detected from the upper leaf-surface. 

 At the end of the third larval stage the blotch-mine becomes almost 

 elliptical in outline and its upper side becomes slightly projected 

 upwards, so that ^a cavity is formed between the lower epidermis 

 and the roof of the mine. Near the middle of the fourth stage the 

 larva leaves its original mine and bmlds a new completely closed cell 

 within the leaf, in which it conceals itself and continues feeding. 

 When full-grown the larva either spins a yellowish cocoon at one end 

 of the mine or it leaves the mine, folds over the edge of the leaf and 

 fastens the edge to the leaf-surface and builds its cocoon in the recess. 

 The cocoons of the last brood are formed on leaves that later fall to 

 the ground, or on curled strips of the bark. 



The peach is the favourite food-plant, but several other E-osaceae 

 are attacked, including the plum, cherry, Japanese flowering cherry, 

 apple and apricot, especially the first two. 



To combat this insect it is advisable to remove all fallen leaves and 

 rubbish and to scrape the rough outer bark of the trees. A pyrethrum 

 decoction spray is said to be effective against the adults. 



