440 



at least 10 annual generations may occur. The number of eggs laid 

 by one female varied from 9 to 59, each being dropped singly on the 

 surface of the bulb. The larva is sluggish and bores in the tissue of 

 bulbs or through the roots of the grape-vine. The first pupa, nymph 

 and second pupa are found in depressions in injured tissue or between 

 the scales of a bulb. The adults mate within 2-8 hours of reaching 

 maturity and oviposition begins on the day of mating. The life of the 

 female is about 2-4 weeks in summer while that of the male is shorter. 

 In the root of the grape-vine Phylloxera larvae are found accompanying 

 this and other mites. A Fiisarium fungus has been found to infest 

 E. echinojms. 



A list of the recorded food-plants is given, including a variety of 

 bulbs, potato, cereals and orchids, the grape-vine being the cliief one 

 in the green-houses of the Ohara Institute. 



Yamamoto (R.). On the Insecticidal Principle of Chrysanthemum 

 cinerariifolium, Bocc. (Insect Powder). Part I.—Berichte Ohara 

 Inst, landwirtschftl. Forschungcn, Kuraschiki, i. no. 3, 1918, pp. 

 389-398. [Received 21st August 1919.] 



From the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, widely culti- 

 vated in Japan, the author has isolated a yellow, transparent neutral 

 syrup which has the characteristic smell of insect powder. This 

 substance, called pyrethron by the author, controls the development of 

 bacteria in addition to possessing strong insecticidal properties. Its 

 power is reduced by heating or exposure to air for a long period. 



Webster (R. L.). The Strawberry Leaf-roller {Ancylis comptana, 

 Frohl.).- — Iowa Agric. Expt. Sta., Ames, Bull. no. 179, November 

 1918, pp. 233-256, 9 figs. [Received 28th August 1919.] 



This account of Ancylis comptana, Frohl., much of which has been 

 previously noticed [see this Review, Ser. A, vi, p. 196] gives descrip- 

 tions of the bionomics of this moth and of the damage caused by it. 

 These observations were made in Iowa and a comparison is made of 

 its appearance and abundance in other parts of the United States. 

 Ancylis conflexana, Wlk., and A.fragariae, Walsh & Riley, are treated 

 as synonyms. 



The recorded natural enemies include the Hymenopterous para- 

 sites, Iseropus alboricta, Cress., Cremastus cookii, Weed, and Glypta 

 phaxopteridis, Weed. The first of these was the only parasite deter- 

 mined of several found in the present investigation. The remedial 

 measures advocated are the mowing over of the foliage and burning it 

 immediately after the crop is off, and the use of arsenical sprays. 

 The formula recommended is 3 lb. of lead arsenate paste to 50 U.S. 

 gals, of water, or half this amount of powder. 



A list of the European food- plants recorded for this species is 

 given. In North America it is only known to attack blackberries 

 and raspberries, besides strawberries. 



