449 



Cabbage and other cruciferous plants were attacked by flea-beetles 

 [Phyllotreta nemorum, L., P. atra, F., and other species) which did great 

 damage, especially at the end of April and the beginning of May to 

 cabbage, radish, horse-radish, kohlrabi and ornamental plants such as 

 Iberis and Alyssum. A Carabid, Bembidion {Bembidium) celer, F., 

 occurred in company with the flea-beetles in one locality and did some 

 damage. Other pests included Ceuthorrhynchus sulcicollis, Payk., 

 C. assimilis, Payk., and Meligethes aeneus, F., on turnips, radishes, etc. 

 The larvae of Pieris sp. were much less numerous than usual in 1916, 

 but in 1917 occurred in enormous numbers in July and August. The 

 infestation ceased rather suddenly at the end of August owing to the 

 presence of a fungus {EntomojMhora sjjhaerospewia) and a 

 Hymenopterous parasite, AjJanteles {Microgaster) glomeratus. PluteUa 

 maculi'pennis, Curt., was less numerous in 1916 than is usually the case, 

 but in 1917 the larvae contributed to the damage caused to cabbage by 

 Pieris. Barathra {Mamestra) brassicae, L., was especially injurious in 

 1917 to cauliflowers and Acronycta rmnicis was also recorded on the 

 same crop. Phorbia brassicae was also very injurious in 1916, 

 especially to cauhflowers. Brevicoryne (Aphis) brassicae, Kalt., in July 

 and August appeared in enormous nmnbers and was the most 

 destructive of all the cabbage pests. At the end of August its attacks 

 were reduced by Hymenopterous parasites and a fungus, Empusa 

 aphidis, but too late to save the crop. 



Leguminous plants were attacked by Sitoms lineatus, L., Cydia 

 (Grapholitha) sp., Cecidomyia sp., Phytomyza aJbiceps, Meig. (jyisi, 

 Kalt.), Kakothrips pisivora, Westw. (Physopus robustus, Uzel) and 

 Tetranychus telarius, L. Carrots, celery and other Umbellatae 

 were attacked by Psila rosae, F. (especially early-sown carrots, 

 parsley, celery and parsnips), Acidia heraclei, L., and Trioza 

 viridula, Zett. Strawberry pests included Anthonomus rubi, Hbst., 

 which in many localities did considerable injury in May and June ; 

 Oxygrapha (Acalla) comariana, Z., the caterpillars of which spin 

 together the leaves and flower-stalks and feed on them, there being 

 two generations, in June and September ; Blennocampa genicidaia, 

 Stph. ; and Tarsonemus fragariae, Zimm., which is widely spread all 

 over the country. Other miscellaneous pests were Calocoris norvegicus, 

 Gmel., Gortyna {Hydroecia) micacea, Esp., Sphinx atropos, L., Aphids 

 and mites on potatoes and tomatoes ; Tetranychus sp. and Sminthurus 

 cucumeris on cucumber and pumpkins ; Pegomyia hyoscyami, Panz., 

 mining the leaves of spinach ; Gastroidea (Gastrophysa) viridida, DeG., 

 on beans and rhubarb ; Agriotes lineatus, L., and other wire worms 

 injuring many vegetables ; Meloe proscarabaeus, L., which appeared 

 in the spring o? 1917 in enormous nmnbers in one orchard ; Euxoa 

 (Agrotis) tritici, L., the caterpillars of which are much earUer than those 

 of E. {A.) segetum, Schiff., and devour all kinds of vegetables ; 

 Forficula auricularia, L., and Blaniidm guttulatus, Gerv. 



A number of remedial measures are described. Psila rosae has been 

 controlled with naphthahne and soot ; the larvae of Hylemyia antiqua 

 were driven away with naphthahne and by watering repeatedly with 

 soapy water ; Byturus tomentosus in one orchard has been collected 

 with great success for several years in glasses containing a little 

 water and a few drops of oil, the operation in the fourth year being 

 completed in four hours. 



