464 



of the petals and the second 5 to 6 weeks later. The most convenient 

 mixture proved to be 15 lb, of Billault mixtm^e of lead arsenate to 

 100 gals, water. As a result of these measures, the insect pests 

 attacking the fohage and young fruits practically disappeared ; 

 these include Hyponomeuta spp,, Malacosoma (Bombyx) neustria, saw- 

 flies, etc. The percentage of fruit infested by Cydia fomonella was 

 reduced to almost nil and the crop increased, in spite of the fact that 

 the treatments were unavoidably begun rather late. 



Eabate (E.). Essais d'Insecticides arsenicaux. — Ann. Service des 

 Epiphyties, Paris, v (1916-1917), 1918, pp. 69-73. [Received 

 1st September 1919.] 



The results are given of several years' study in the preparation of 

 various arsem'cal insecticides. Their action upon fru^t pests, including 

 Hyponomeuta padelhis, H. malineUus, CJieimatobia brumata, and 

 Cydia pomonella, is discussed, and the conclusion is reached that a 

 copper-lead-arsenate solution gives results that ordinary Bordeaux 

 mixture cannot, and that the use of arsenicals should become general 

 in orchard worki 



Maechal (P.). La Lutte hivernale centre la Pyrale de la Vigne 

 {Oenophthira pilleriana, Schifl.) par I'Emploi des Arsenicaux. — 



Ann. Service des Epiphyties, Paris, v (1916-1917), 1918, pp. 74-82, 

 4 figs. [Received 1st September 1919.] 



The emergence of the young caterpillars of Sparganothis {Oenoph- 

 thira) pilleriana from their winter quarters covers a long period, 

 being dependent upon the depth to which they have penetrated. 

 This fact, and the difficulty of treating the insects during their injurious 

 period, renders most important the winter measure for destruction 

 of the young larvae while still under the bark by means of hot water 

 or fumigation under a bell-jar. For some years a tendency has been 

 growing in many southern vineyards to adopt as an alternative the 

 apphcation of insecticides in the form of sprays or washes towards 

 the end of the hibernation period. Soluble arsenicals have given the 

 greatest success, and have been used by special permit for winter 

 treatment of vines. The results of experiments described in this 

 paper indicate that arsenical soap solutions, containing on an average 

 3'5 per cent, of sodium arsenite and used towards the end of winter 

 in sufficient quantities to moisten completely the stems and branches, 

 are a certain remedy for S. pilleriana, and give as good results as the 

 hot-water treatment with less expense and less labour. The imme- 

 diate death of a certain number of larvae is the result of this measure, 

 followed some weeks later by a secondary toxicity causing a far greater 

 mortality. This is explained by the slow penetration of the insecticide 

 through the bark and the faculty possessed by the larvae of absorbing 

 the atmospheric moisture surrounding them through the mouth. 



MiEGE (E.). La Disinfection du Sol. — Ann. Service des Epip)hyties, 

 Paris, V (1916-1917), 1918, pp. 83-144, 3 figs, [Received 

 1st September 1919.] 



The various processes of soil disinfection are reviewed and recent 

 experiments^ in this method of controlling insect and fungous pests 



