4e8 



on 11th April and in the latter half of June. In July, August and 

 September further treatments were given wherever the scale was 

 present. One month after the spraying of 11th April the condition 

 of the trees was decidedly better and many dead scales were found. 

 By the autumn, the treated trees (to the nmnber of 600) showed very 

 few scales, while an untreated orchard, separated from them by a 

 road onlv, was at the maximum of infestation just as in the spring of 

 1916. 



LiNNANiEMi (W. M.). Applespinnmalen {Hyponmneuta malinellus, 

 Zell.). [The Apple Ermine Moth.] — Meddelanden till Landtman, 

 Helsingfors, no. 49, 1917, 8 pp., 5 figs. 



The paper gives a short account of the biology economic importance 

 and enemies of the apple ermine moth and of the methods of controlling 

 it. Until 1896, this moth was only recorded from the south-western 

 districts of Finland, but after 1911 it seems to have been gradually 

 spreading to other parts of the country as far as 63° N. Lat. The 

 outbreak seems to have reached its height in 1915, the moth having 

 disappeared in the following year in many locahties. As remedial 

 measures the author suggests spraying the eggs or the young larvae 

 with 8 per cent, carbolineum emulsion in early spring or spraying 

 the larger larvae later with lead arsenate. 



HuKKiNEN (Y.) Blasfotingar (Thysanoptera), hvilka i vart land 

 angripa Akervaxter. [Thysanoptera that attack Agricultural 

 Plants.] — Meddelanden till Landtman, Helsingfors, no. 50, 1917. 



After a short introduction dealing with the general characteristics 

 of thrips and their development, biology and distribution, the author 

 deals with the following species : Aptinotkrips riifus, Gmel., Limothrips 

 denticornis, Hal., Frankliniella (Physapus) tenuicornis, Uzel, Pliysapus 

 vulgatissimus, Hal., Chirothrips manicatus, Hal., C. mamatus, Tryb., 

 Haplothrips (Anthothrips) aculeatus, F., H. {A.) statices, Hal., and 

 Kakothrips pisivorus, Westw. {Physapus robustus, Uzel.). 



As remedial measures against those species that cause withering of 

 the heads of the cereals, harrowing and burning the stubble immediately 

 after the harvest or early in the following spring are suggested. Against 

 Aptinothrips rvfus it is advisable not to have meadows on the same 

 ground for too many years in succession. Against Limothrips denti- 

 cornis the growing of oats is suggested instead of barley, rye or wheat 

 in the rotation of crops, since this insect does not seem to thrive on 

 this cereal. Frankliniella tenuicornis has repeatedly been ascertained 

 to prefer 6-rowed barley to the 2-rowed variety. 



Eeuter (E.). Den biologiska Metoden vid Bekampandet av 

 Skadeinsekter. [The Biological Method of controlling noxious 

 Insects.] — Foredrag och Uppsatser utgivna av Nylands Fruktodlare- 

 Jorening, Helsingfors, no. 7, 1919,* 59 pp., 43 text figs. 



The author gives a summary of the different biological methods 

 of dealing with insect pests, and suggests the following way of combating 

 the apple ermine moth {Hyponomeuta malinellus) in Finland. As 

 the larvae of this moth and those of H. euonymellus have the same 



