469 



parasites, those of the latter should be utilised against the former. 

 The cocoons of M. euonymellus should therefore be collected and 

 kept in the orchards in boxes closed by wire netting of such mesh 

 as to permit the escape of the parasites but preventing that of the 

 moths. 



Mgkk-Hansent (K.). Bekaempning av Geometra-Iarver paa 

 Begekimplanter ved Sprojtning med Fluegift. [Combating Moth- 

 larvae on Beech Seedlings by spraying with Quassia-Extract.] — 

 Fm Skoven og Traetnaredet, Goj)en1^gen, i, no. 13, 1919, 2 pp. 



The caterpillars of moths such as Hybernia defoliaria and allied 

 species, which were defoliating beech-seedlings, have been successfully 

 combated by spraying with quassia extract. This method was 

 employed because it was impossible at the time to procure arsenical 

 ■sprays. The extract was made from 10 lb. quassia shavings in 2 gals. 

 l)oiling water, the fluid after about one hour being passed through a 

 sieve and mixed with lime-water. 



TragIrdh (Ivar). Nagra allmanna men hittills foga uppmarksam- 

 made Barkborrar och deras Gangystem. [Some common, but 

 hitherto very little known Bark-beetles and their Galleries.] — • 

 Statens Skogsfdrsoksanstalt, Stockholm, Flyghlad no. 17, 1919, 

 pp. 237-248,' 8 figs. 



This leaflet is a supplement to an earlier one [see this Review, Ser. A, 

 vi, p. 89] and deals with the following bark-beetles : Hylastes glahratus, 

 Zett., H. cimicularius, Er., Cryphalus obietis, Rtzb., PJdoeophtJioriis 

 spinulosus, Rey, Ijps proximus, F., Dryocoetes autographus, Rtzb., 

 and PityophtJwrus micrographus, (ryll. 



H. glahratus occurs only in northern Sweden, not being found south 

 of Dalecarlia. It attacks spruce trees felled during the winter. The 

 brood-gallery is straight, longitudinal, 3 mm. wide and 4-6 cm. long, 

 and the egg-galleries are only found near its point of origin. 

 H. cunicidarius has not previously been recorded as harmful in Sweden, 

 the injury caused by it having to all appearances been overlooked. 

 In the published catalogue of the Coleoptera of Sweden it is only 

 recorded from the south, but the author has found it as far north as 

 in Jamtland. C. ahietis was previously only recorded from 

 Vastergotland, but has been found by the author all over Sweden. 

 It attacks as a rule only stunted trees, belonging to the so-called fourth 

 stratum, according to the Swedish forest terminology. As examples 

 of this, two horizontal sections of trees killed by this beetle are figured, 

 one, measuring about If inches at breast height, being 70 years old, 

 and the other, measuring about 1|- inches, being 80 years old. In 

 the south of Sweden this species has probably two generations a year. 



P. spinulosus confines its attacks to the lower branches of old 

 spruce trees or to branches that owing to insufficient light and air 

 succumb in the struggle with others. Ips laricis has, as previously 

 pointed out, been confused with /. jyroximus, and therefore no rehable 

 data exist regarding its geographical distribution. It attacks both 

 spruce and pine trees and seems to be one of the most important 

 secondary pests known in Sweden, as it was found ovipositing on trees 



