470 



felled during July and August in the previous summer. The author 

 suggests that the very irregular shape of the egg-galleries is due to 

 the fact that the beetles, as the latest to arrive, are forced to make 

 use of the limited space left between those of the other species. 



Dryocoetes autograpJius is also decidedly a secondary pest, being 

 found ovipositing in trees felled during July- November in the previous 

 year, and often making use of the entrance holes of other species. 

 PityophtJiorus micrographus, Gyll., is found in the smallest twigs of 

 spruce trees, its galleries being characterised by their great depth. 



Chrystal (K. N.). The European Elm Sawfly Leaf-miner. — Agri'^. 

 Gaz. Canada, Ottawa, vi, no. 8, August 1919, pp. 725-728, 1 fig. 



Kaliosysphinga ulmi, Sund., recently reported on elm trees in Canada, 

 is described. About the middle of May the eggs are inserted into 

 the leaves and here hatch after about a week. The young larvae 

 immediately commence burrowing in the leaves, as many as 25 mines 

 having been noticed in one leaf ; they continue to be destructive for 

 about three weeks. When full-grown they pierce the wall of the 

 mine and drop to the ground. Hibernation in this stage occurs at 

 a depth of about one inch in a Light cocoon and continues imtil the 

 following April, pupation occurring about the beginning of May. 

 The Scotch and English ehns seem to be the favourite food-plants. 



The remedial measures advocated are spraying both sides of the 

 leaves, as soon as the slightest injury is noticed, with one of the 

 following solutions : 1 pint of 40 per cent, nicotine sulphate, 100 gals, 

 of water and 5 lb. of soap ; 1 pint of Black-leaf 40, 100 gals, of water 

 and 9 lb, of laundry soap ; or 1 part stock kerosene solution to seven 

 parts of water. As the adults do not emerge from pupae buried deeper 

 than one inch ; the removal of a thin layer of soil covering an area 

 exceeding by a foot or two the greatest expanse overshadowed by the 

 trees and burying it at a depth exceeding 6 inches is suggested. 

 To be effectual this must be completed before 1st of May. 



Caesar (L.) & Ross (W. A.). The Apple Maggot. — Ontario Dept. 

 Agric., Toronto, Bull, no, 271, May 1919, 32 pp, 17 figs. 



The bulk of the information contained in this bulletin on Rhagoletis 

 pomonella has been noticed elsewhere [see this Review, Ser, A. vii, 

 p, 212, etc,]. 



Phillips (W. J,) & Emery (W. T.). A Revision of the Chalcid FUes 

 of the Genus Harmolita of America North of Mexico. — Proc. 

 U.S. National Mus., Washington, Iv, 1919, pp. 433-471, 9 plates. 



This paper, written with a view to facilitating the identification of 

 Chalcids belonging to the genus Harmolita {Isosoma), inoiiides separate 

 keys to the sexes. The species described include : H. grandis Riley, 

 infesting the centre of the stems of wheat and found wherever this food- 

 plant is grown ; H. tritici, Fitch, forming galls at the second or third 

 internode of wheat-stems from the base ; H. vaginicola, Doane, forming 

 galls in the sheath surrounding the head of wheat and preventing 

 grain formation ; H. websteri, How., infesting the centre of rye stems 

 and found in Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, California and Illinois ; 



