500 



Up to January 1919, the total area was practically free from 

 infestation and in better condition than others where Helopeltis was 

 not collected. 



VAN Vloten (0.). Helopeltis-Bestriidmg. [Anti-Helopeltis Work.] 

 — Meded. Proef station voor Thee, Buitenzorg, Ixiv, 1919, pp. 10-11. 

 [Received 12th September 1919.] 



The Tjigombong estate, which is situated in a Helopeltis belt, was 

 kept practically free from infestation by systematic collection. The 

 cost of searching for newly-started infestations and their immediate 

 destruction worked out at from Is. 6d. to 4s. per acre per 

 month for the 1,575 acres. The view that Helopeltis increases 

 rapidly was disproved and it was surprising how the pest was 

 kept down. On another estate the adults were captured in tents 

 [see this Review, Ser. A, vii, p. 31], and were seen to fly vertically 

 upwards and to settle on the roof. As the adults fly away when 

 pruning, which kills most of the larvae, is carried out, it is advisable 

 to use the tents before this operation. Any surviving larvae must be 

 looked for after pruning. A careful record of the captures and of the 

 dates of infestation is necessary. Whenever the number of insects 

 captured exceeds 15 per cooUe per day this is a sign of danger and the 

 workers must be reinforced. 



Chaine (J.). La Foret de la Mamora (Maroc) et la Processionaire du 

 Chene {Cnethocampa processionea, Dup.). — Bull. Soc. Etude Vidg. 

 Zool. Agric, Bordeaux, xviii, no. 7, July 1919, pp. 65-67. 



Very serious damage by Cnethocampa processionea, Dup., was 

 noticed in June 1918 in a large forest of cork oaks [Quercus suber] in 

 Morocco. Wild pear trees in the immediate vicinity of the infested 

 zone seemed entirely immune to attack. This moth frequently occurs 

 in different regions, completely defoUating every tree attacked. The 

 economic importance of such an outbreak may be judged from the 

 fact that the forest in question covers an area of about 300,000 acres 

 and suppHes at least half of the total production of cork oak of Morocco. 



Lecaillon (A.). Sur la Biologic du Tigre du Poirier {Tingis piri, 

 Geoffrey). — Bull. Soc. Etude Vulg. Zool. Agric, Bordeaux, xviii, 

 no. 7, July 1919, pp. 73-77. 



In 1918 severe attacks of Stephanitis (Tingis) pyri, Geofir., in orchards 

 were reported from the department of Haute Garonne, pears and 

 apples being equally attacked. The trees growing against walls are 

 more Hable to infestation than those exposed to the north or east. 

 These bugs were found in abundance from the 19th May to 4th 

 December. The injury is partly caused by the excrement deposited 

 on the leaves and partly by the pimctures made in sucking. Though 

 only the leaves are attacked, the injury is often so severe in the south 

 of France as to prevent the formation of fruit. 



Pruning of affected leaves or stomach poisons are useless, the only 

 possible remedy being the use of sprays that will kill the insect by 

 simple contact or by fumigation with nicotine or hydrocyanic acid 

 Ras. 



