t)EN Doop (J. E. A.). Gallobelicus nicotianae, Koningsberger.— £«Z/-. 

 Deli Proef station, Medau, Sumatra, no. 12, August, 1919, 9 pp. 



A preliminary note on Gallobelicus nicotianae, Koningsberger, 

 a Capsid bug occurring on tobacco in Deli, has been published [see 

 this Revietv, Ser. A, vii, p. 251]. The female oviposits in the leaves. 

 The entire life-cycle is estimated to last 25-30 days. Immature 

 individuals are wingless ; in the last nymphal stage a pair of short wing- 

 sheaths appear. Mating usually takes place in the morning, the sexes 

 being about equal in number. 



G. nicotianae is injurious in all its stages, the damage done being 

 due to the punctures produced. In the morning feeding chiefly takes 

 place on the upper surface of the leaves ; later in the day the bugs 

 seek shade and are to be found on the lower surface. Young leaves 

 are preferred. When the leaves grow larger the punctures increase 

 in size. The upper leaves are those chiefly attacked and it is unusual 

 for the ten lowest leaves to be injured. Infestation is at its maximum 

 at the end of May and beginning of June. The capture of these 

 Capsids with nets has been recommended, but the individuals that 

 fly up when disturbed represent one-seventh only of the total number. 

 Furthermore tobacco is a short-lived crop, and by the time G. Jiicotianae 

 appears in numbers, the plant has suffered permanent injury. This 

 method may be of use in estates at higher altitudes, where the Capsids 

 occur yearly and a careful watch is kept for their first appearance. 

 Contact insecticides are usually employed against sucking insects, 

 but as G. nicotianae is very mobile in all its stages, a stomach-poison 

 is required. A number of experiments were made with arsenic acid, 

 arsenious acid, copper sulphate, nicotine tartrate and strychnine 

 tartrate, but none of these proved suitable. A fluid stomach-poison 

 that will not repel the insects but rather attract them is necessary. 

 It must act quickly and be non-injurious to tobacco. 



ScHOYEN (T. H.). Beretning om Skadeinsekter och Plantesykdommer 

 i Land- og Havebruket 1918. [Report on Insect Pests and 

 Fungus Diseases of the Field and Orchard in 1918.] — Christiania , 

 1919,71pp., 44 figs. 



Pests of cereals included wireworms, which did great damage all 

 over the country ; the larvae of Blitophaga opaca, L., damaging barley ; 

 Trachea {Hadena) secalis, Bjerk. ; T. (H.) basilinea, F. ; Tipula 

 oleracea, L. ; Hylemyia coarctata, Fall. ; and Hydrellia griseola, Fall., 

 which was very abundant on wheat as well as on barley and oats in 

 many localities. 



Oscinellafrit, L., did very great damage to barley in 1917, its attacks 

 being associated with a fungus, Pleospora teres, as well as Miris 

 (lolahratus, L., and Pediculoides graminum, E. Reut. During the 

 summer of 1918 the devastation became still more widely spread in 

 Hedmark. The first sign of attack was noticed on the 22nd June, 

 at exactly the same time as during the previous year, a coincidence 

 which is explained by almost identical climatic conditions, including 

 long periods of drought that came to an end on 19th June in 1917 

 and on 18th June in 1918. Although the outbreak was more wide- 

 spread in 1918 than in 1917, the injury caused to individual fields was 

 greater in 1917, which is possibly explained by the fact that both 



