86 



manifests itself in Europe, Bryonim, Napi, Napoece ; of which 

 Bryonies may be considered the parent-form, true to its type in 

 those regions where the climate allows of but one annual genera- 

 tion. But in some localities, as remarked by Dr. Weismann, it is 

 intercrossed by Napi, and there must be localities where two 

 generations find existence, made up of Bryonies and Napi more 

 or less intercrossed. But generally, in districts not Arctic or 

 Alpine, the species is represented only by Napi, which then is the 

 first or winter generation and Napcem, the later or autumnal 

 generation. 



Now let us see how the corresponding American species 

 agrees with the European, and wherein it has come to differ. 



I. Bryonia. Bryoniae of the Arctic and Alpine type is 

 found in America. I have seen several examples from Behring 

 Straits, Alaska, and as they are of one type, I conclude this 

 must there be the only form of the species. The male is white, 

 the bases of all wings much covered with black scales; so is the 

 costa of primaries, especially against cell and base. The apex is 

 usually more or less blackened, and sometimes the hind margin for 

 half its course has black about the ends of the nervules. So have 

 the ends of the nervules on secondaries. Sometimes there is a 

 black spot in the upper median interspace of primaries. Beneath, 

 the hind wings are either white or faintly yellow-tinted, and the 

 nervures and their branches are all heavily bordered with gray- 

 brown, more heavily than any Alpine Bryoni(Ev^\\\Qkv I have seen ; 

 (Lapland examples I know only from description) ; the apex of 

 primaries is often yellow and the nervures and branches edged 

 Avith brown also, but much less than on secondaries. 



The female has a much crocked upper surface, the gray 

 sometimes covering primaries almost to the exclusion of white ; 

 on secondaries the nervures and branches are all heavily bor- 

 dered with gray ; of four examples before me, three have a black 

 spot in upper median interspace, another in sub-median, and 

 in two there is a third spot in line with these near costa. The 

 inner margins of the three are also bordered with black. The 

 fourth example has neither spots nor border ; on the costal 

 margin of secondaries is a black spot. The under side varies 

 from pale to deep yellow, and the fore Avings of the three show^ the 

 black spots, but not very distinctly. (I find the same vari- 

 ability in these spots in BryonicB of Europe). The Alas- 

 kan examples are all small, expanding about 1.5 inch ; one ? 1.6 

 inch. 



From Newfoundland, Mr. Mead brought many Bryoniae, all 

 of large size, expanding 2 to 2.2 inches. The male (of a pair sent 

 me) is white, the female pale yellow on upper side ; the female 

 not so much crocked as some European examples, but very like 

 others, the nervures of upper side not quite so much bordered with 

 gray as in the Alaskan examples. On the under side, like these 



