88 



has disappeared, and Vcnosa, which is the equivalent of Napi, is 

 the winter form, succeeded by a summer form Pallida, and the 

 species manifests itself mostly under these two forms to its south- 

 ern limit on the Pacific Coast. 



Except from Alaska and Newfoundland I know of no other 

 Bryonia^ having been taken. 



Pieris Hiilda I consider a modification of Bryonice. When 

 my Catalogue was published, 1877, I had not seen Bryonice from 

 Alaska, and did not know that it existed on this continent, and 

 I regarded Hulda as the extreme arctic type of Bryonice and 

 its American representative. All the examples of Hulda known 

 to me (about 25) came from Kodiak Island, and there is probably 

 something in the climate or food or insulation which has tended 

 to produce this dwarf form. Both sexes expand from 1.2 to 1.3 

 inch, but one female is 1.5 inch. The males are white on upper 

 side, the apical nervules edged with gray. Beneath, both sexes 

 are alike, the color varying from white to pale and deep yellow ; 

 and all ncrvures and brandies are so broadly edged zvith ashy-brown 

 that very little of the ground is seen, only in stripes in middle of 

 the interspaces. I have seen no European Bryonice whose under 

 surface is anything like so much obscured as these Hidda. Three 

 females out of four have the nerves of tipper side bordered with 

 same brown and in same manner as beneatli, the white ground being 

 thereby reduced merely to lines and stripes, and these examples 

 have no spots in the interspaces like the typical ? Bryonice. The 

 fourth example is a little less obscured, and has a dusky spot in 

 submedian interspace only, and the inner margin is bordered dusky, 

 in these respects approaching Bryonice. As stated above, the 

 fourth Alaskan Bryonice is without spots, and therein it ap- 

 proaches Hulda. I believe Hulda to be the first American de- 

 parture from the European type of the species. At any rate, if 

 this form is Asiatic, as it should be, if found at all in the old 

 world, I have no information of it. It seems as yet to be 

 strictly American. 



2. Venosa, Scudder. This form is described as having 

 " the extremities of upper nervures broadly margined zvith black 

 scales, zvith a spot of same color ijz the upper median interspace, a 

 black dot at the tips of the nervures on secondaries. The female dif- 

 fers from the male in having nearly all the nervures on upper side 

 of primaries somezvhat bordered zvith grayish scales, but most char- 

 acteristically by the presence of a band of grayish scales along the 

 posterior border of primaries. BentatJi, as in the darker forms of 

 Oleracea,'^ (i. e. hycmalis). This describes one phase of Venosa $ , 

 and probably the prevailing one ; but some males have no spot 

 on primaries. I have seen no male zvhich liad any spot on prima- 

 ries beneath, or on costal margin of secondaries on either side, points 

 which are characteristic of Napi (or what Dr. Weismann calls " the 

 ordinary winter form)." The Venosa $ which are immaculate above, 



