92 



Slave Lake, and they are alike, immaculate, and heavily veined 

 on under side. I have no female from Slave Lake to compare 

 with others. 



Several males from Godbout, Pr. Quebec, and from Anticosti, 

 are like the Slave Lake examples, and four females from Anti- 

 costi are immaculate, and like the males, heavily veined, etc. 

 These are Olci-acea var. Borcalis, Grote, Bull. Buf. Acad., 1873 ; 

 described as having " the markings on the wings much darker 

 and broader than usual, especially beneath." I had both the 

 Godbout and Anticosti examples from Mr. William Couper, who 

 spent two summers on the island and visited Godbout, which is on 

 the main land, north shore of the St. Lawrence. As Mr. Couper 

 did not meet with Bryonies, it cannot inhabit Anticosti, although 

 that island is but one hundred miles from Newfoundland. This var. 

 Borealis is of great interest in one respect. On the Continent we 

 do not know where Oleracea becomes single-brooded. In New 

 York and Canada it is double-brooded. It may be single or 

 double at Slave Lake ; except for Kirby's statement the evidences 

 are in favor of its being single. At Godbout, where the snow lies 

 nine feet deep in winter, and the summers are short, probably it is 

 single. But in Anticosti, we know from Mr. Couper that the 

 summer embraces only part of June and all of July, and that by 

 1st August the weather is turning cold. And it is his opinion 

 that no species of butterfly on that island has more than one gen- 

 eration. Originally coming from the main land, Oleracca,yN\\2i\.Q.\Q.x 

 were its habits there, is, or becomes, single-brooded on the island, 

 and breeds true to one type, the heavy veined *^xtreme variety of 

 the winter form. BryonicE in Newfoundland is a relic of glacial 

 times, maintained by its insulation. 



Frigida, Scudder, seems a little removed from typical Oleracea 

 hyeinalis. It is described as coming from Cariboo Island, Labra- 

 dor, 2^.2?. The nervures of both wings are said to be more 

 heavily marked than in the darkest individuals of Oleracea; " the 

 black scales at base on upper side are more profuse and more 

 widely spread, frequently bordering the nervures quite heavily ; 

 indeed, gray scales are more or less scattered over the whole 

 upper surface, giving the insect a grimy appearance, increased by 

 the slightest possible yellow tint." "The extreme limits of varia- 

 tion of Oleracea do by no means permit us to include within its 

 boundaries this form ; it is more heavily marked than the extremes 

 of Oleracea^ It is also stated that the hind wings of the male 

 " are proportionately narrowed across the hind margin, and 

 broader across a line parallel to it, near the base of the wing, than 

 in male Oleracea; or, in otherwords, the secondaries of Frigida are 

 relatively more quadrate and those of Oleracea more triangular^ 

 No special mention is made of female Frigida, and it is to be pre- 

 sumed that in general it resembles the male. In reply to a 

 recent note on this subject, Mr. Scudder says : " I have only 2 S , 



