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squeaking noise which we read in books the chrysaHds of the 

 Heliconidae make when alarmed, and which Dr. Wittfeld informs, 

 me he had noticed in the case of CJiaritonia. But when the pupa- 

 case was softening, and the immature imago was in condition to 

 receive injury by any rough attack, apparently the friendly neigh- 

 bors gather about it and cover it unceasingly till the danger is 

 past, and the butterfly emerges. 



The foregoing recital led to some discussion by members of the 

 sub-section, and it seemed to be rather the prevailing opinion that 

 the immediate cause of the gathering of the butterflies about and 

 on the chrysalis must be sexual. Much was said about the at- 

 traction of males of the Saturnidae by the females, but this is 

 excited by the females at large, not encased in pupa. It was 

 doubted by some members if any odor could emanate from the 

 imago of a moth in pupa, or of a butterfly in chrysalis, hermet- 

 ically sealed up, as it were. Further observations were desirable. 



After returning home from Cincinnati, I wrote Dr. Wittfeld, 

 urging him to try again, and especially to ascertain whether the 

 free butterflies and the imago in the chrysalis were always of op- 

 posite sexes or not, and whether females were attracted to a 

 chrysalis in any case. I have his further report, as follows ; 



" With regard to the chrysalis found May 28, of which I 

 wrote you, I add, that there was found by me on the ground, on 

 the morning the butterfly emerged, a female with wings but. 

 partly expanded, yet paired with a perfect male. Also, when I 

 discovered that the butterfly had come from the second chrysalis, 

 that of June 27, I found a similarly undeveloped female on the 

 ground near by, paired with a free male. I lifted both and placed 

 them on a twig. The male flew off in course of two hours, but 

 the female remained, though a cripple and unable to move.* 



"After receiving your letter, for a long time I could obtain 

 neither eggs nor caterpillars of CJiaritonia, but at last, near the 

 end of September, I hung out a chrysalis. A heavy rain storm set- 

 ting in, no butterflies were flying that evening, and next day, six 

 A. M., I found the empty shell of the chrysalis and imago. 

 On Oct I, I suspended another chrysalis. Soon a number of 

 of butterflies appeared, flying around and touching it. None 

 however attached themselves to it as in previous observations. I 

 caught one after another of these butterflies, as they came, and 

 put them in a bag. About eleven o'clock, the imago came from 

 the chrysalis, and as it clung to the empty shell, an occasional free 

 butterfly would alight by it or fly about it. On examination this 

 imago proved to be a male, and so did the captured butterflies. 



At the same time another chrysalis was suspended, and be- 

 gan to change color, October 4, early in [the aiternoon. Soon 



* As Dr. Wittfeld had not mentioned these lacts in his first accounts, I conclude that 

 he did not then understand the relation between these crippled females and the imagos in 

 the chrysalids, as he afterward learned to. 



