214 



that the abdomen was torn so that the contents were somewhat, 

 protruding.* I carried her to the house, allowed her to suspend 

 from a branch, and being now out of the shell, the wings soon 

 grew, and in another hour or so, the wound was healed or dried, 

 and the insect flew off. 



Though I have seen many Agraulis Vanilla; copulating, I 

 don't remember of ever having seen H. Charitonia do the same 

 at large. This prompts me to propose the following question;: 

 does this species ever pair in the ordinary way, after both sexes 

 are fully developed, or do the males hunt the females while still 

 in chrysalis? My late observations have brought me into all 

 sorts of places, chiefly where passion-vine runs over dense 

 bushes. There I have made frequent captures and have found 

 all taken to be males. I believe the males were in search of a 

 chrysalis. The females are mostly flying where the leafy parts of 

 the vine are, while the males are where the chrysalis would be 

 likely to be found, some distance off or below." 



Dr. Wittfeld's admirable observations settle this; that in H. 

 Charitonia the males are able, by some means, to distinguish the 

 presence of a female in chrysalis, from the time when discoloration 

 of the shell commences, that the attraction becomes stronger as 

 the imago nears its emergence, that the females show no such at- 

 traction toward a male in chrysalis, and that males do not attract 

 males. Incidentally, the female chrysalids would seem to be 

 thoroughly protected against birds and other animals, but the 

 protection, apparently, is purchased at a dear rate, if the female 

 insect is liable to bodily injury or to be left crippled in wing. 

 The last question propounded by Dr. Wittfeld, no doubt, he will 

 in time be able to answer. 



As I have elsewhere stated (Can. Ent. xiii, p. 208) it is not 

 unusual to find female butterflies so lately out of chrysalis that 

 the wings are at least limp, coupled with perfectly developed 

 males, but I have not myself observed a case where the connec- 

 tion took place the instant the female broke from its shell, or 

 before the wings were expanded. Certainly I have never known 

 of male butterflies watching the advent of a female one moment, 

 much more, for hours and days, and do not remember ever to 

 have read of such an occurrence. f 



November 11, 1881, discovered two chrysalids of CJiaritotiia 

 on the same plant, about two inches apart, but as much as two 

 feet from the nearest passion vine. No. i was not discolored, 

 No. 2 was a little discolored. To each chrysalis two males were 

 attached. They would let go when touched, those on No. 2 

 hesitating a little ; however, they all would return at once. On 

 both chrysalids I noticed that the bodies of the males were bent 



* I take it that copulation had been effected and that the torn appearance was caused' 

 by the forcible removal of the male. W. H. E. 



t Note— Afier the foregoing pages were sent to the printer, I received from Dr. Witt- 

 feld a statement of further observation, as follows : 



